问题 问答题

怎样的过程叫“锻炼”?

答案

参考答案:

现代汉语中,“锻炼”是一个使用比较频繁的词语,或指通过体育运动使身体强壮,或指通过生产劳动、社会斗争、工作实践使能力提高。比如“锻炼身体、体育锻炼、劳动锻炼、工作锻炼”等。“锻炼”的现代意义多指人的社会活动,而它最初的意义却和人无关,主要指金属的冶炼加工。

“炼”从字形看从“火”,最初指的是“炼铁”、“炼钢”。因为铁的熔化温度很高,只有经过反复地加热锻打,挤出杂物,渗进炭素才能变成钢。这种反复在炉内加热的过程就叫“炼”。后来,把凡是用加热的方法使物质纯净或坚韧都叫做“炼”了,如“炼丹、炼药、炼乳”等。在此基础上又引申出了“用心琢磨”的意义,如“炼字,炼句”。“锻”和“炼”是紧密相关的过程,将熟铁加热后反复锤打成为器物的过程就叫做“锻”。如《后汉书·乌桓传》“男子能作弓矢、鞍勒,锻金铁为兵器”,又如“锻压、锻造、锻接”等。

单项选择题

My Space and other Web sites have unleashed a potent new phenomenon of social networking in cyberspace, (1) at the same time, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that traditional social (2) play a surprisingly powerful and under-recognized role in influencing how people behave.

The latest research comes from Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, at the Harvard Medical School, and Dr. James H. Fowler, at the University of California at San Diego. The (3) reported last summer that obesity appeared to (4) from one person to another (5) social networks, almost like a virus or a fad. In a follow-up to that provocative research, the team has produced (6) findings about another major health (7) : smoking. In a study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine, the team found that a person’s decision to (8) the habit is ply affected by (9) other people in their social network quit—even people they do not know. And, surprisingly, entire networks of smokers appear to quit virtually (10)

For (11) of their studies, they (12) of detailed records kept between 1971 and 2003 about 5,124 people who participated in the landmark Framingham Heart Study. Because many of the subjects had ties to the Boston suburb of Framingham, Mass. , many of the participants were (13) somehow—through spouses, neighbors, friends, co-workers—enabling the researchers to study a network that (14) 12,067 people.

Taken together, these studies are (15) a growing recognition that many behaviors are (16) by social networks in (17) that have not been fully understood. And (18) may be possible, the researchers say, to harness the power of these networks for many (19) , such as encouraging safe sex, getting more people to exercise or even (20) crime.

10()

A.surprisingly

B.simultaneously

C.spontaneously

D.ply

多项选择题