问题 问答题

古代不同的船都有什么样的名称?

答案

参考答案:

《三才图会》之“游艇、蒙冲、楼船”古代的船有各式名称,按照用途划分,有战船、漕船、课船等,战船又有楼船、艋(mn)艟(chn)、福船、沙船等;按照形状划分,有舸、舴(zã)艋、舢板等。例如,楼船是一种具有多层建筑和攻防设施的大型战船,外观似楼,故曰楼船。楼船之名最早始于战国时期南方的越国,越有楼船军,秦朝及汉朝都有官衔为“楼船 * * ”的军事指挥官。汉代的造船技术渐臻成熟,其楼船高十余丈。三国时东吴建成五层战船,可载兵3000人。楼船不仅外观巍峨威武,而且船上列矛戈,树旗帜,戒备森严,攻守得力,宛如水上堡垒。此后历代水军,都以楼船作为主力战舰。西晋时,楼船上装设有拍竿。东晋时期,孙恩、卢循海上起义军也拥有一支以大型楼船为主力的舟师。隋代初期的舟师装备有大型楼船五牙舰。宋代将车船建造技术运用于建造楼船,发展出装有多达24车的楼船,船上有的装设拍竿6座。明代初期,郑和下西洋的宝船可远渡重洋进行洲际航行,这是中国古代楼船建造技术的最高成就。

沙船,是一种平底、方头、方艄的海船,是我国古老的一种船型。在唐宋时期,它已经成型,成为我国北方海区航行的主要海船。因其适于在水浅多沙滩的航道上航行,所以被命名为沙船,也叫做“防沙平底船”。它在江河湖海皆可航行,适航性特别强,宽、大、扁、浅是其最突出的特点。沙船的纵向结构采用“扁龙骨”,从而使纵向强度得到加强;横向结构则是采用水密隔舱的工艺。这样,沙船纵横一体,抗沉性较好。同时,为提高抗沉性,沙船上还有“太平篮”。当风浪大时,从船上适当位置放下用竹编的其中装有石块的竹篮,悬于水中,使船减少摇摆。

单项选择题

As any diplomat from Britain, Austria or Turkey can tell you, handling the legacy of a vanished, far-flung empire is a tricky business. But for Georgia, the gap between old glory and present vulnerability is especially wide.

Today’s Georgia is diminished by war, buffeted by geopolitics and recovering from post-Soviet chaos. But 800 years ago the country was a mighty military, cultural and ecclesiastical force. Its greatest monarch, Queen Tamara, defeated many foes (including her first husband) and built fine monuments. In her time, Georgia also had a big stake in the Christian life of the Holy Land. From Jerusalem to the Balkans, Georgia’s priests, artists and church-builders were active and respected. So too were its poets, like Shota Rustaveli, the national bard who dedicated an epic to his beloved queen.

In between seeking western aid and coping with power cuts, modern Georgia has pledged to keep a wary eye on every place where churches, inscriptions and frescoes testify to its golden age. That includes Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and above all, Israel. Last year, Georgians were enraged when a fresco of Rustaveli, in a Jerusalem church under the care of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, was defaced, then badly restored. This year, a better restoration was done, but Georgians now want a promise that in all future restoration their own experts can take part. They also want to stop the seepage of Georgian frescoes and icons, supposedly under the Patriarchate’s care, on to the art market. Several times, Georgia has had to use its meagre resources to buy back pieces of the national heritage. The hope is that things will improve with the recent election of a new Jerusalem Patriarch, after his predecessor was ousted under a cloud of scandal.

Georgia’s ties with Israel are good, thanks to a thriving Georgian-Jewish community with happy memories of its homeland. Georgia also gets along with Greece, amid a fug of sentimentality over legends about the Argonauts that link the two nations. But can these warm, fuzzy feelings translate into better protection for an ancient culture That will be a challenge for Geld Bezhuashvili, who succeeds Salome Zourabichvili, the French-born diplomat who was sacked, after a power struggle, as Georgian foreign minister on October 19th.

Romania is mentioned in the text to ()

A. illustrate a fresco of Rustaveli

B. demonstrate the western aid Georgia obtained

C. indicate Georgia’s golden age

D.specify the scope of Georgia’s lookout

单项选择题