问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的作品,回答小题。

采浆果的人   

迟子建

①金井是个小农庄。一个收浆果的人来了,他的一番吆喝,让秋收的人们扔下了手中农具,奔向森林河谷,采摘浆果。

②曹大平夫妇的心情跟阳光一样明朗,他们边采边计划卖浆果的钱的用途。他们决定渡过青鱼河去采浆果,把竹篮给装满了。青鱼河不是流经金井惟一的河流,但它却是最宽的。这河水流急,深不可测,因而很少有人在夏秋之时到对岸采浆果。河水凉得他们直打寒战,随着河心的临近,水涨到他们腰际了,他们有些站不稳,但他们咬着牙,互相鼓励,坚持着。突然,曹大平的腿抽筋了,他栽歪了一下身子,水花朝他打来,他呻吟着,惊恐地看着白花花的水从脖颈下跃过。他的女人紧紧地拉住丈夫不撒手,她也栽歪了身子,挎着的竹篮趁机从她胳膊肘那儿溜走了。他们相互搀扶着哆哆嗦嗦地回到岸边。曹大平一回去就发烧了,他的女人唉声叹气的,她既不能采浆果,又不能去秋收,只能守着他。

③金井有个头发全白的“苍苍婆”,三十年来,她的男人一直瘫在炕上靠着她的服侍而活着。苍苍婆的眼睛,没有老年人的那种混浊,依然那么明亮,清澈逼人,好像她的眼底浸着一汪泪,使她的眼睛永远湿润而明净。

④开始的几天,苍苍婆还认认真真地采上一天的都柿,交给收浆果的人,换来几十块钱。可是接下来的日子,当她独自在林中垂下老迈的腰,手指触到皱纹累累的已经蔫软的都柿的时候,她的心凄凉了。她尝了一粒都柿,真是甜极了,这甜让她更觉凄凉,苍苍婆就很想喝上一碗酒。山上没酒,她自然把采来的都柿当酒吃,竟一发而不可收,吃空了盛都柿的盆子。收浆果的人为了安慰她,曾丢给她一张十元钞票,让她买酒,苍苍婆捡起钞票,运足一口气,又把它吹回地上,苍苍婆说:“钱是什么,不就是一张落叶么?蚂蚁合伙举过落叶,这样的叶子它们没见过,留着给蚂蚁们举着玩,当遮阳伞使吧!”说完,她就一摇一摆地走了。

⑤苍苍婆在晚饭后摇摇晃晃地去大鲁二鲁家了。大鲁二鲁是金井人中惟一还在秋收的人。他们是一对智障的双胞胎兄妹,大鲁是男的,二鲁是女的。他们已是中年人了。满嘴酒气的苍苍婆亢奋地叫道:“大鲁二鲁,别秋收了,采浆果去吧,能拿现钱!大鲁过年时就能买新鞋穿了,二鲁也能买件花衣裳了!”大鲁说:“苍苍婆,爸妈死前告诉大鲁了,下了霜就秋收,大鲁都点了头了!”二鲁也说:“春天撒了种,秋天就得收庄稼,二鲁也记着呢!”苍苍婆说:“你们真是一对傻瓜,这天响晴响晴着呢,晚个十天八天秋收,你种到土里的东西也不能长翅膀飞了;可你要是不采浆果,就得不到现钱,等你们收完秋去采,收浆果的人早就走了,你们一分钱也挣不到!”

⑥大鲁二鲁不为所动,在他们看来,秋收才是天经地义的事。他们刨完了土豆,又砍了白菜和大头菜,把它们运回来,腌了两缸酸菜和一缸咸菜,然后把余下的菜下到窖里。之后,他们把遗落在地里的菜帮也捡起来,装进麻袋,拉回家堆在仓房旁,作为猪饲料。最后,他们踏着更浓重的霜,去了大草甸子,用绳子把猪草背回来。

⑦就在大鲁二鲁扛回猪草的这个夜晚,天空下起了大雪。金井人一年的收获,就这么掩埋在大雪之下了。人们脸上满是凄苦的表情。他们冬天吃什么?他们的牲畜和家禽吃什么?苍苍婆望着大鲁二鲁这户惟一收获了庄稼的人家,她的心中先是涌起一股苍凉,接着是羡慕,最后便是弥漫开来的温暖和欣慰。

⑧二鲁的脖颈上有一圈火红的野刺莓。金井的女孩,最喜爱穿这样的项链来戴。看来在秋收的间隙,大鲁二鲁也采了浆果。只不过他们只采了很少的一种,并且为它们做了最美的镶嵌。

(节选自中篇小说《采浆果的人》,有删改)

小题1:第②节描写曹大平夫妇涉水渡河的情节在小说中有何作用?(4分)

小题2:文中苍苍婆吃都柿的细节描写表现了人物什么样的情感活动?请具体说明。(4分)

小题3:请结合小说内容,简要概括大鲁二鲁的形象特点。(4分)

小题4:小说叙写了金井人采浆果的故事,请探究作品的寓意。(7分)

答案

小题1:①表现曹大平夫妇为了挣钱(或“眼前利益”)不惜冒险的形象,与大鲁二鲁的不为所动形成对比(2分);②承接了上文大多数金井人的表现,预示了后文金井人的悲剧(2分)。

小题1:①由都柿的“皱纹累累”和“蔫软”联想到自己的老迈(“孤独”、“悲苦一生”),内心充满凄凉(或“由都柿的甜让她更加感觉到处境的苦”,2分);②把“都柿当酒吃”,且“一发而不可收”是想要以酒解愁,摆脱内心的苦楚(2分)。

小题1:先天愚钝(智障,1分),但坚守传统和诺言(1分,或“老实本分”、“质朴”),勤劳肯干(1分),热爱生活(1分,或“爱美”、“乐观”等)的农民形象。

小题1:①隐喻现代社会中金钱对传统生活方式和价值观的影响(或“批评现代人对金钱的崇拜”等);②启示人们要遵循传统的生活和劳动方式;③启示人们要控制欲望(或“抵制金钱诱惑”、“不要为了眼前利益而舍本逐末”等)。(其他理解,如言之成理,酌情给分)

小题1:此题考查情节的作用。

小题1:本题考查“鉴赏作品的语言、表达技巧”考点,能力层次为E,侧重“鉴赏评价”能力的考查。

小题1:本题考查“鉴赏作品的形象”考点,能力层次为E,侧重“鉴赏评价”能力的考查。

小题1:本题考查“对作品进行个性化阅读和有创意的解读”考点,能力层次为F,侧重“探究”能力的考查。这是一道探究题。答题之前,先对作品有充分的了解和准确的把握。面对一篇陌生的文学作品,要善于抓住关键语句,理清全文脉络,明白作品所表达的主题,对全文有一个整体认识和把握。具体答题时,还要切忌脱离文本,想当然地去套用鉴赏术语,避免空洞抽象的泛泛而谈或不着边际的任意罗列,更不能根据个人的主观喜好冠作隧意的褒贬。本题可以从客观与主观两方面去思考。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     At May Middle School in London, the students must stay at school from Monday to Friday. They

can go into the town in the evening , but must return to the school before eight o’clock.

     A student called Bob walked to the town and went to the cinema. When he arrived at school, it was

half past eight. He was a little worried. He ran quickly to the gate. It was closed too. Then he saw an

open window on the first floor. It was the headmaster’s office. Bob looked into the room. No one was

there. He quickly climbed up and jumped into the room, just then he heard someone was talking outside

the door. He looked around and hid himself under the sofa. One minute later, the headmaster came in .

He turned on the light and sat on the sofa. Then he began to read.

     Bob lay under the sofa and looked at the headmaster’s feet for an hour. He was too afraid to move.

Finally the headmaster stood up and walked towards the door. ‘Thank Goodness, he did not find me

under the sofa,’ thought Bob. Then the headmaster stopped. He turned his head and spoke to the sofa,

"Could you turn off the light before you leave?" and then left the office.

1. May Middle School _____________.

A. had its own cincema      

B. was in the centre of the town

C. was not in the town      

D. did not have students in the evening

2. Why did Bob come back late one day?

A. His watch didn’t work.    

B. He enjoyed himself in the cinema.

C. He walked slowly.        

D. There was no bus to his school.

3. The headmaster’s office _______________.

A. was on the ground floor    

B. was near the gate

C. was not on the ground      

D. was always open in the evening

4. How long did Bob stay in the headmaster’s office?

A. For half an hour.          

B. For nealy an hour.

C. For less than an hour.      

D. For over an hour.

5. Which of the following is not true?

A. Bob went into the school building through the gate.

B. The headmaster might see Bob’s feet when he did his reading.

C. Bob kept himself under the sofa before the headmaster left.

D. The headmaster knew someone else was in his office.

填空题