问题 问答题

古代犯罪可以花钱免刑吗?

答案

参考答案:

古代刑法中允许犯罪的人缴纳一定的财物抵免刑罚,这个制度就是赎刑。赎刑起源于传说中的尧舜时代,《尚书·舜典》说“金作赎刑”。战国时期的司法实践中,案情有疑问而无法查清、定罪量刑遇到困难无法确认或者犯罪者“意善功恶”时,墨、劓、刖、宫、大辟都可以用金抵免。汉朝时将赎刑作为国家聚敛财富的手段,允许用纳钱、出缣、输作赎免刑罚,汉惠帝时买爵三十级就可以免去死罪;汉武帝时纳钱五十万可以减死罪一等,司马迁被处宫刑本可以用钱赎刑,但由于家贫不足以自赎。隋唐以后,赎刑形成了非常严密具体的制度,每种刑罚都规定了相应赎金的数量,哪些情况适用赎刑制度也做了明确的规定。唐朝时,应当议、请、减及九品以上官及七品以上官员亲属,犯流罪以下的,都可以用金钱赎罪。清朝时,官员犯笞、杖、徒、流及杂死罪的都可以纳赎,老、幼、废疾及妇女犯徒刑罚的收赎,官员正妻、有财力的妇女以及过失杀人的在杖一百后余罪可以赎罪。

历朝历代用于赎罪的财物不同,汉代以前是用铜;汉时用以黄金计价的粟、缣(细绢);晋、宋、齐用金、绢;北齐、北周用绢;唐、宋用铜、金以及牛马杂物;元用中统钞;明用钞、钱,间或纳米,甚至可用工作抵偿;清用银。赎刑对后世司法、刑罚的腐败起到了很坏的影响,正所谓“衙门口朝南开,有理没钱莫进来”。

完形填空

第二节:完形填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,共30分)

A lesson in caring

It was a cold evening and my daughter and I were walking up Broadway.I didn’t notice a guy sitting inside a cardboard box.But Nora did.She wasn’t even four, but she __36__ at my coat and said, “That man’s cold, Daddy, __37__ we take him home?”

I don’t remember my reply.But I do remember a sudden __38__ feeling inside me.I had always been delighted at how much my daughter noticed in her __39__, whether it was __40__ in flight or children playing.But now she was noticing __41__ and beggary.

A few days later, I saw an article in the newspaper about volunteers who picked up a food package from a nearby school on a Sunday morning and __42__ it to an elderly person.It was quick and easy.I __43__ us up.Nora was __44__ about it.She could understand the importance of food, so she could easily see how __45__ our job was.When Sunday came, she was ready, but I had to __46__ myself to leave the house to fetch the food package.On the way to the school, I fought an urge to turn __47__.The Sunday paper and coffee were waiting for me at home.Why do this? __48__, we phoned the elderly person we’d been appointed.She __49__ us right over.

The building was in a bad state.Facing us was a silver-haired woman in an old dress.She took the package and asked us to come in.Nora ran inside.I unwillingly followed.__50_ inside, I saw that the apartment belonged to someone poor.Our hostess showed us some photos.Nora played and when it came time to say good-bye, we three hugged, I walked home in tears.

Professionals call such a(n) __51__ a “volunteer opportunity”.They are opportunities, and I’ve come to see.Where else but as volunteers do you have the opportunity to do something __52__ that’s good for others as well as for yourself? Nora and I regularly serve meals to needy people and __53__ clothes for the homeless.Yet, as I’ve __54__ her grow over these past four years, I still wonder ------ which of us has __55__ more?

36.A.pulled      B.glanced     C.pointed     D.aimed

37.A.would      B.can    C.need  D.must

38.A.general     B.funny       C.heavy       D.simple

39.A.area  B.part   C.eyesight    D.world

40.A.insects      B.animals     C.plants       D.birds

41.A.coldness   B.illness       C.suffering   D.ignorance

42.A.delivered  B.returned    C.devoted    D.posted

43.A.held  B.hurried     C.signed      D.lined

44.A.casual       B.sorry C.astonished D.excited

45.A.creative    B.valuable    C.shocking   D.simple

46.A.warn B.stop   C.allow D.push

47.A.back  B.away C.up     D.out

48.A.Therefore B.Obviously C.Still  D.Also

49.A.called       B.promised  C.invited      D.helped

50.A.Although  B.Once C.Because    D.Though

51.A.stay   B.visit  C.adventure  D.challenge

52.A.fair   B.famous     C.difficult    D.enjoyable

53.A.collect      B.make C.order D.wear

54.A.let     B.made C.watched    D.noticed

55.A.increased  B.benefited  C.tried  D.seized      

单项选择题