问题 问答题

“谥号”与“庙号”是怎么回事?

答案

参考答案:

谥号是封建时代的皇帝、大臣、士大夫等重要人物死后,后人根据他们生前的事迹和功过给予的称号,含有褒善贬恶的意思,其实是又添了一个别名而已。帝王的谥号是由大臣们议定的。文、武、景、烈、昭、穆等都是表示褒扬的谥号,如周武王、汉武帝等;灵、厉、炀等是表示批评的谥号,如周厉王、隋炀帝;怀、慰、哀等是表示哀怜的谥号,如楚怀王。臣子的谥号是由朝廷赐予的,如诸葛亮谥号“忠武”,岳飞谥号“武穆”;还有一些谥号是由亲友、门人给予的,如陶渊明谥号“靖节”、陈寔谥号“文范先生”,这些被叫做私谥。

庙号是封建皇帝死后,在太庙里奉祀时的名号。一般是开国的皇帝称祖,后来的继承者称宗。如汉高祖刘邦、宋太祖赵匡胤、明太祖朱元璋、唐太宗李世民、明太宗朱棣等等。庙号起于汉朝,最初非常严格,按照功德的标准而定,所以并不是每一个皇帝都有庙号。唐朝以后,每个皇帝都有了庙号。

单项选择题
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Picking tomatoes

For as long as I can remember, Grandma’s plentiful tomato garden has been a sign of summer’s end. Each September, just as the decreased heat of the sun suggests cooler days, Grandma requests my help in her tomato garden. She convinces me she cannot pick tomatoes without my youthful eyes and quick mind. She says we need to examine each tomato and agree on its readiness for picking. While Grandma’s request for my help in the tomato garden is always the same, her desire for my help seems to increase each year.

Grandma has eyes for finding even the tomatoes hidden by undergrowth and other tomatoes. I, however, just turn circles looking for the ones I think Grandma will like. I spot what looks like a ripe tomato, head in its direction, and then get sidetracked by another that appears to be equally ripe. I usually end up watching Grandma and trying to stay out of her way, which seems the only way my eyes and mind ale useful.

There we are, lost in the tomato vines(藤). Grandma’s eyes are always knowing, and they are no different in the vegetable garden. From afar she spots what looks like a ripe tomato. As she walks toward the garden, she evaluates the tomato for a second time. but from a different angle. I already know it will end up in the basket with the pile of others Grandma has carefully chosen. However, Grandma acts as if she needs a final look to be sure. She calls me to her side, kneels beside the vine while enjoying the warmth of the fading sunlight on her face, and grasps the tomato in her hand. She turns each round, red ball toward the sunlight before disconnecting it from thevine with a half-hearted smile.

She then looks at me. I nod my head and smile. Grandma assumes I smile in agreement with her tomato selection. I know I smile, instead, at her.

小题1:Why does Grandma ask the author to go to the tomato garden with her?

A.He can help pick more tomatoes.

B.He can learn the hardship of labor.

C.She enjoys staying with him while working.

D.She tries to share the happiness of harvest with him.小题2:The second paragraph shows that the author   .

A.is an inefficient tomato picker

B.really has youthful eyes and quick mind

C.has spent a lot of time gardening with Grandma

D.is a naughty child trying to be out of Grandma’s sight小题3:In the last paragraph, the author smiled to Grandma because he   .

A.realizes her true intentions

B.feels very happy to pick tomatoes for her

C.confirms that her choice of tomato is great

D.appreciates her skill in finding ripe tomatoes小题4:What can we infer from the story?

A.The grandchild will become more skillful at gardening than Grandma.

B.Grandma will develop more patience in working with the grandchild.

C.The grandchild will gradually become more independent of Grandma.

D.Grandma’s need for the grandchild's company will grow over time.