问题 问答题 简答题

简述测验法的优点和缺点。

答案

参考答案:

通过标准化测验来研究个体心理或行为差异的一种方法。标准化测量是指那些经过标准化过程的用来测量个体差异的工具,如智力测验、特殊能力测验、创造能力测验、人格测验等等。

测验法的优点是:①测验法所使用的标准化测验编制十分严谨、效果可靠。②测验法结果的量化程度高。测验法用数字对人的心理或行为进行描述,施测容易控制,减少了被试在回答问题过程中的主观因素的影响,数据比较客观,测验法的结果处理十分方便。③有常模进行比较。测验法有设立好的常模,可以直接进行比较。④简便省力。

测验法的不足之处是:①测验是一种间接测量,即通过对行为的测量,来推断要测量的心理。如果行为样本未选准,项目所引起的反应就难以推断所要测量的心理。②测验不可避免地受到经验和文化条件的影响。③测验法对施测者要求较高,他们应该具有一定的专业知识和较熟练的测验技能,熟悉测验手册的各种要求。④测验成绩只表明"结果",不能反映过程。

填空题

Part 3


Questions 19-25


·Read the following passage and choose the correct answer from A, B, C and D.
More and more, the operation of our businesses, government, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purpose can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught by it have managed to get away without punishment.
It is easy for computers crime to go undetected if no one checks up what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a growing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it is disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommon bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigating revealed that the extra cards she was being asked were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that has been robbed.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding or not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefiting, their demands have been met.
Why Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another staff computer criminal departs with just the recommendation he needs to continue his crime elsewhere.

In which case it’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected

A.Somebody checks up what the computer is doing.

B.No one checks up what the computer is doing.

C.No way.

D.The passage didn’t refer.

单项选择题