问题 填空题

对于弱酸,在一定温度下达到电离平衡时,各微粒的浓度存在一种定量的关系。若25℃时有HAH++A,则该弱酸的电离平衡常数的表达式为K=__________。下表是几种常见弱酸的电离平衡常数(25℃)。

请回答下列各题:

(1)K只与温度有关,当温度升高时,K值______(填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”)。

(2)在温度相同时,各弱酸的K值不同,那么K值的大小与酸性的相对强弱有何关系?_______________。

(3)若把CH3COOH、H2CO3、HCO3、H2S、HS、H3PO4、H2PO4、HPO42都看作是酸,其中酸性最强的是_____________,最弱的是_____________。

(4)多元弱酸是分步电离的,每一步都有相应的电离平衡常数,对于同一种多元弱酸的K1、K2、K3之间存在着数量上的规律是K1:K2:K3≈1:10―5:10―10,产生此规律的原因是:________________________。

答案

K ="="                 (1分)

(1)增大 (1分)

(2)K值越大,电离出的氢离子浓度越大,所以酸性越强 (2分)

(3)H3PO4(1分)   HPO42―(1分)

(4)上一级电离产生的H+对下一级电离有抑制作用 (2分)

题目分析:根据电离常数的定义式和电离方程式可得出电离平衡常数表达式。

(1)因为弱电解质的电离为吸热过程,所以温度升高,K值增大。

(2)K值越大,电离平衡向右进行的程度越大,电离出的氢离子浓度越大,所以酸性越强。

(3)K值越大,酸性越强,根据题目所给表中的数据,H3PO4 的电离常数最大,所以酸性最强,  HPO42―的电离常数最小,酸性最弱。

(4)上一级电离产生H+,对于下一级电离,相当于增加了生成物浓度,对电离起到了抑制作用。

单项选择题
完形填空

第二节:阅读下列材料, 从所给的六个选项(A、B、C、D、E、和F)中,选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。

The people below are all willing to offer help to those who needs help. After the description of these people, there is information about six voluntary jobs (A- F). Decide which place would be most suitable for the person(s) mentioned in questions 61-65 and then mark the correct number on your answer sheet. There is one extra paragraph about one job which you don’t need to use.

61.________Stephen: Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy (文化知识) volunteer. When I began to discover what other people’s lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading.

62.________ Ben: After graduation, I don’t want to apply for a job at once. Instead, I plan to spend one year to help those who need help most and try my best to improve their lives. You know, education is essential to poverty relief and at the same time I’ll get valuable experience for my future career.

63.________ Susan: I’m a girl from England and has studied French for years. I’m here in Beijing University studying Chinese. I like China as it is full of mysteries. So I hope the voluntary work will help me to get in touch with Chinese people and get to know about China. Although my study is busy, I can be free at night and at the weekends.

64.________Tim: Since I myself have overcome a lot of difficulties in my life, I understand young people’s problems and I know how to listen patiently to others and offer some advice. I’m working now in the daytime so I can only spend two to three hours a day at night to help others.

65.________Lisa: I burst into tears when I saw those children in a TV programme. What a sight. They are only bone and skin left. What’s worse, every day the children are dying because of lack of food. I realized how lucky I am with enough food and a good chance to get education. The summer vacation is coming and I hope I can do something for them.

A.As we know, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing and many people from other countries will come to visit China. The taxi drivers in Dongfeng Taxi Company think the way to show kindness is to be able to greet the foreigners in their languages. They need someone who can teach them languages and the best time is at night when they are not so busy.

B.Tim is so addicted to on-line games that he cannot concentrate on his study like before. Now he often misses school in order to play games, and tells lies to his teachers and parents again and again. Though he realizes what he does is wrong, he just can’t stop it. How badly be needs someone’s help.

C.Marie, a 44-year-old single mother of three, has to walk two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she doesn’t know which bus to take. What’s worse, since she does not know words, she can not write out a shopping list. Also, she can only recognize items by sight, so if the product has a different label, she will not recognize it as the product she wants.

D.“Helping hand” organization will hold an event to help the starving children in Africa. The event starts in August and those taking part in will go without food for 30 hours. In this way, it is expected that money will be raised for the poor children.

E.“Green Earth” cares a lot for the animals in danger. Still many people in the world don’t know much about the importance of animal protecting. This summer vacation a lot of events will be organized to call on people to live in harmony with our earth. 

F.A group of young children in a remote village in southwest China are in great need of teachers. Because of the low salary, many teachers came and then went. The villagers hope to have a teacher who can stay for at least a year, because they know knowledge can make a difference to the children’s future.