问题 填空题

为了证明醋酸是弱电解质,甲、乙、丙、三人分别选用下列试剂进行实验:

0.1 mol·L-1醋酸溶液、pH=3的盐酸、pH=3的醋酸、、蒸馏水、锌粒、pH试纸等。

(1)甲取出10 mL0.1 mol·L-1醋酸溶液,用pH试纸测出其pH=a,确定醋酸是弱电解质,则a应该满足的关系是_________,理由是__________________________________。

(2)乙将pH=3醋酸和盐酸,各取1 mL,用蒸馏水稀释到100 mL,然后用pH试纸

分别测定两溶液的pH,则可认定醋酸是弱电解质,判断的依据是______________________________。

(3)丙分别取pH=3的盐酸和醋酸10 mL,然后分别加入质量相同的锌粒,醋酸放出H2的平均速率    (填“快”或“慢”),则认定醋酸是弱电解质,。

答案

(1) a>1 因为醋酸为弱酸部分电离 (2)盐酸的pH=5,醋酸的pH<5或醋酸在稀释过程中电离出H+,使PH变化小于盐酸。  (3)快

题目分析:醋酸是弱电解质,可测定一定浓度的pH、测定盐溶液的pH、醋酸的电离平衡移动、稀释时pH的变化等来分析;(1)测0.1 mol·L-1醋酸溶液的pH,若pH大于1,醋酸不能完全电离,则可证明醋酸为弱电解质;(2)pH=3醋酸和盐酸,各取1 mL,用蒸馏水稀释到100 mL,稀释100倍,测其pH,盐酸的pH变为5,若醋酸的pH<5,说明稀释促进醋酸电离,使H+浓度增大,证明醋酸溶液中存在电离平衡,为弱电解质;(3)当pH相同、体积相同时,盐酸完全电离,醋酸存在电离平衡,则分别加入足量锌,醋酸存在电离平衡向右移动,使得反应过程中醋酸中H+浓度大于盐酸,反应速率快。

论述题

材料一 “以后要是想吃果冻了,我就拿自己的皮鞋舔一舔;以后要是想吃老酸奶了,我就拿自己的皮鞋舔一舔;以后要是感冒了,我就拿自己的皮鞋舔一舔。2012,皮鞋很忙……”2012年4月15日,央视曝光多家厂商用皮革下脚料制造药用胶囊。

联想到 * * 商将“瘦肉精”和“地沟油”端上餐桌;官员擦鞋,擦出权力的傲慢;“医跑跑”跑掉了职业良心;疯狂李阳施展疯狂家暴;18个路人送走了“小悦悦”的生命……这些标志性的道德事件,折射出改革开放30多年来,素有五千年文明的道德国度,道德滑坡已是不争的事实。于是乎,连跌倒的老人该不该扶、怎么扶都成了需要讨论的问题。道德滑坡了,但道德的根基还在。从汶川、玉树救灾,到“最美妈妈”吴菊萍,再到“最美女教师”张丽莉,国人血管中的道德血液仍在流淌。但“不扶,过不了良心关;扶,过不了责任关”,国人纠结于道德的“两难选择”。

材料二 “小悦悦”幼小生命的离去,引发了广东以至全国的一场关于道德危机的全民大讨论。广东省政法委、社工委等十多个部门开展了“谴责见死不救行为,倡导见义勇为精神”的大讨论,谋求改革开放和市场经济发展到社会转型期的道德伦理重塑。“完善法律体系,惩恶扬善,让施救者无后顾之忧”“市场经济条件下,要建立社会诚信制度”“构建社会主义核心价值体系,弘扬传统美德,树立社会正气”等,在讨论中成为人们的共识。

(1)有评论指出:对于当前的食品药品安全问题,国家有关部门不仅要依法严查,更要加强经济伦理建设。运用经济生活知识,结合当前社会实际,说明评论呼吁加强经济伦理建设的理由。(12分)

(2)(原创)有人认为,“最美”就是平凡的人做出不平凡的事。请你用辩证法知识评析该观点。(6分)

单项选择题

In ancient Greek, the term euthanatos meant "easy death". Today euthanasia (安乐死) generally refers to mercy killing, the voluntary (自愿) ending of the life of someone who is terminally ill. Like abortion, euthanasia has become a legal, medical, and moral issue over which opinion is divided.

Euthanasia can be either active or passive. Active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical personnel takes an action that will result in death, such as giving an overdose of deadly medicine. Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die for lack of treatment, or stopping the treatment that has begun. Examples of passive euthanasia include taking patients off a breathing machine or removing other life-support systems. Stopping the food supply is also considered passive.

A good deal of the debate about mercy killing originates from the decision-making process. Who decides whether a patient is to die This issue has not been solved legally in the United States. The matter is left to state law, which usually allows the physician in charge to suggest the option of death to a patient’s relatives, especially if the patient is brain dead. In an attempt to make decisions about when their own lives should end, several terminally ill patients in the early 1990s used a controversial suicide device, developed by Dr. Jack Kevorkian, to end their lives.In parts of Europe, the decision-making process has become very flexible. Even in cases where the patients are not brain dead, patients have been put to death without their approval at the request of relatives or at the suggestion of physicians. Many cases of passive euthanasia involve old people or newborn infants. The principle justifying this practice is that such individuals have a "life not worthy of life".In countries where passive euthanasia is not legal, the court systems have proved very tolerant in dealing with medical personnel who practice it. In Japan, for example, if physicians follow certain guidelines they may actively carry out mercy killings on hopelessly ill people. Courts have also been somewhat tolerant of friends or relatives who have assisted terminally ill patients to die.

The difference between active and passive euthanasia is whether ().

A. there is an action that speeds up the death of the patient

B. the breathing machine is taken off the patient

C. an overdose of deadly medicine is used

D. the patient is denied food supply