问题 问答题 简答题

简易呼吸器使用方法

答案

参考答案:

1.衔接方式(1)面罩适用于神志清晰、病情较轻的患者,或急性呼吸停止的患者。用简易呼吸器抢救的优点是简单、迅速;缺点是气体人肺困难,使用压力较高时易将气体压入胃内引起腹胀及呕吐。(2)气管插管适用于抢救。优点是操作较简便,不留刀口;缺点是患者神志尚清楚时,不易耐受,保留时间过长易引起气管黏膜坏死、声带水肿等。(3)气管切开适用于昏迷或病情严重者,特别是需要进行较长时间的人工辅助呼吸者。优点是可长期应用,便于痰液引流,不影响进食;缺点是需要做手术,易并发感染,不能反复应用。

2.操作步骤简易呼吸器由呼吸囊、呼吸活瓣、面罩及衔接管等部分组成。呼吸囊是由特制的乳胶制成,具有弹性,挤压后能自行恢复原形;呼吸器入口处装有单向进气活瓣,放松囊时进入空气;出口处与一呼气活瓣相接,挤压时空气由此而出。在进气活瓣处装有一侧管,可接氧气;呼气活瓣处亦装有一侧管,可与面罩、气管插管或气管切开套管相连。操作时,首先要保证气道通畅。先挤压呼吸囊,使空气或氧气通过进气活瓣入气管、支气管及肺泡;放松呼吸囊时,二氧化碳等气体通过呼气活瓣而排至大气中。患者胸部应随呼吸器起伏运动,一次挤压可使500~1000ml的空气或氧进入肺。操作时要均匀,每分钟16~20次。

选择题
阅读理解

Thirteen, for me, was a challenging year. My parents divorced and I moved to a new town with my father, far from my old family and friends. I was terribly lonely mad and would cry myself to sleep each night. To ease my sadness, my father purchased an old horse for me at a local auction. I named him Cowboy.

Cowboy was without a doubt the ugliest horse in the world. But I didn’t care. I loved him beyond all reason.

I joined a riding club and suffered rude comments and mean snickers(窃笑) about Cowboy’s looks. I never let on about how I felt, but deep inside, my heart was breaking. The other members rode beautiful, registered horses.

When Cowboy and I entered the events where the horse was judged on appearance, we were quickly shown the gate. No amount of preparation and love would turn Cowboy into a beauty. My only chance to compete would be in the speed events. I chose the jumping race.

One girl named Becky rode a big brown horse in the race events. She always won the blue ribbons. Needless to say, she didn’t feel threatened when I competed against her at the next show. She didn’t need to. I came in next to last.

The stinging memory of Becky’s smirks made me determined to beat her. For the whole next month I woke up early every day and rode Cowboy five miles to the arena (赛马场). We practiced running and jumping for hours in the hot sun and then I would walk Cowboy home totally exhausted.

All of our hard work didn’t make me feel confident by the time the show came. I sat at the gate and sweated it out while I watched Becky and her horse charge through the course and finish in first place.

My turn finally came. I put on my hat, rubbed Cowboy’s neck and entered the arena. At the signal, we dashed toward the first fence, jumped it without trouble and raced on to the next one. Cowboy then flew over the second, third and fourth fences like a bird and I turned him toward the finish line.

As we crossed the line the crowd was shocked into silence. Cowboy and I had beaten Becky and her fancy horse by two seconds!

I gained much more than a blue ribbon that day. At thirteen, I realized that no matter what the odds, I’d always come out a winner if I wanted something badly enough to work for it.

小题1: The underlined expression "shown the gate" (paragraph 4) most probably means "     __________".

A.told how to enter the arena

B.shown how to make the horse beautiful

C.removed from the competition early

D.told to enter the timed-speed events小题2: Why was the writer not confident of victory?

A.He was an inexperienced rider.

B.He had not practiced enough.

C.He believed he was unpopular with the crowd.

D.He thought his horse wasn’t as good as the others. 小题3:When the final race finished, nobody cheered because____________.

A.the audience didn’t like Cowboy

B.people envied the writer

C.the win was unexpected

D.the writer had run out of time小题4:What did the writer learn from his experience?

A.Life can sometimes be unfair.

B.Anything is possible if one tries hard enough.

C.A positive attitude will bring success.

D.One should not make judgments based on appearance. 小题5:The best title for the story is ___________.         .

A.A Race to Remember

B.A Horse’s Tale

C.Neck and Neck

D.A Difficult Age 