问题 填空题

为了证明一水合氨(NH3·H2O)是弱电解质,甲、乙、丙三人分别选用下列试剂进行实验:0.010 mol·L-1氨水、0.1 mol·L-1NH4Cl溶液、NH4Cl晶体、酚酞试剂、pH试纸、蒸馏水。

(1)甲用pH试纸测出0.010 mol·L-1氨水的pH为10,则认定一水合氨是弱电解质,你认为这一方法是否正确?________(填“是”或“否”)并说明理由______________

(2)乙取出10 mL 0.010 mol·L-1氨水,用pH试纸测出其pH=a,然后用蒸馏水稀释至1 000 mL,再用pH试纸测出其pH为b,若要确认NH3·H2O是弱电解质,则a、b值应满足什么关系?________(用“等式”或“不等式”表示)。

(3)丙取出10 mL 0.010 mol·L-1氨水,滴入2滴酚酞溶液,显粉红色,再加入NH4Cl晶体少量,颜色变浅。你认为这一方法能否证明NH3·H2O是弱电解质?并说明原因:______________________________________________________________________。

(4)请你根据所提供的试剂,再提出一个合理又简便的方案证明NH3·H2O是弱电解质:__________________________________________________________________。

答案

(1)是 若是强电解质,则0.010 mol·L-1氨水溶液中c(OH)应为0.010 mol·L-1,pH=12

(2)a-2<b<a

(3)能,因为0.010 mol·L-1氨水(滴有酚酞)中加入氯化铵晶体后颜色变浅,有两种可能:一是氯化铵在水溶液中水解显酸性,加入氨水中使溶液的pH降低;二是NH4+使NH3·H2O的电离平衡(NH3·H2ONH4++OH)逆向移动,从而使溶液的pH降低。这两种可能都证明NH3·H2O是弱电解质

(4)取一张pH试纸,再用玻璃棒蘸取0.1 mol·L-1NH4Cl溶液,滴在pH试纸上,显色后跟标准比色卡比较测出pH,pH>7(方案合理即可)。

(1)因为一水合氨若是强电解质,则0.010 mol·L-1氨水溶液中c(OH)应为0.010 mol·L-1,pH=12,事实上0.010 mol·L-1氨水的pH仅为10,故可判断一水合氨是弱电解质。

(2)弱碱溶液每稀释10倍,溶液pH减小不足一个单位,故当用蒸馏水稀释100倍时,其pH=b>a-2,但小于a。

(3)因少量晶体的加入对溶液体积的影响可以忽略不计,故溶液颜色变浅只能是由于平衡移动使溶液中OH浓度减小导致的,故由此现象可以判断一水合氨是弱电解质。

(4)如果NH3·H2O是弱电解质,则它的强酸盐水解显酸性,可利用这一原理设计实验证明NH3·H2O是弱电解质。

阅读理解

根据短文内容,判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示,不正确的用“B”表示。

     Jia Meng used to keep a diary (日记) in Chinese. But one year ago, the 14-year-old girl from Hei Longjiang

began to write her diary in English, because Jia found her mother was reading her diary secretly. She changed

the language because her mother can't read English."It's like killing two birds with one stone." said Jia, "My

privacy (隐私) became safe and my English improves a lot."

     Jia's mother is not the only mom who reads her child's diary. Recently, Renmin University of China had a

national survey among over 2, 3000 parents. The results show that 40% of parents read their children's secrets.

That's why, like Jia, many teenagers try to find ways to protect (保护) their privacy.

     Wu Lei, 15, of Shanxi, keeps a diary, too. But he doesn't write in on paper. He writes online which he thinks

is perfectly safe because his parents "know nothing about the Internet."

     Lu Huan, 13, of Guangdong, said her parents always secretly listened to the talk between her friends and her

on the telephone in their room. To solve this problem, Lu asked her parents to buy her a mobile phone.

     "Parents want to know what is going on in their children's lives," said Shao Xiazhen, a teenage expert in

Beijing. "But sometimes they go about it the wrong way." Shao suggested to teenagers that instead of hiding

their secrets, talking to parents is a better solution. "If your parents know that you are safe, they'll let you keep

your secrets."

( )1. Jia Meng writes her diary in English in order to improve her English.

( )2. Recently, Renmin University of China had a national survey, and the results show that 40% of parents 

            read their children's secrets.

( )3. Keeping a diary online is the best way to protect the privacy according to the article.

( )4. Lu Huan asked her parents to buy her a mobile phone in order to protect her privacy.

( )5. Shao Xiazhen thinks parents will let children keep their secrets if they talk to parents and parents know 

           they are safe.

单项选择题