问题 问答题 简答题

常见的控制理论有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

子控制分为开环、闭环和开闭环综合控制三类。

在汽车上采用的主要控制理论有:1、PID控制是根据偏差及其变化情况来调节控制量,是实现连续控制最简单的算法。2,最优控制通过在给定条件下求极值的方法,根据状态情况和目标要求(如省时、节能、定位等),求得控制向量。,3,自适应控制除了被控对象和控制器外,增加辨识器(相当于被控对象的传感器)来检测被控对象的状态变化,,4,模糊控制根据模糊集和模糊逻辑来作出控制决策,从而具有处理模糊信息的能力。,5,神经网络控制用工程技术手段模拟人脑神经的结构和功能的技术,用计算机模拟人脑神经元对信息的加工、存储和搜索等活动过程的技术,6,滑模控制可以理解为折线代替曲线。滑模控制方法在汽车防抱死制动系统(ABS)上应用,7,预测控制预测控制方法在汽车发动机怠速控制中应用等。

阅读理解与欣赏
单项选择题

Timberwolves are Marching to a New Tune
森林狼按新的节拍在前进


For the past seven years,Kevin McHale has struggled to put the right combination around his superstar,Kevin Garnett.McHale brought in dozens of players to complement his main man,but in the end the Timberwolves always looked like the’70s band Wings-one star(Paul McCartney) and a bunch of people nobody noticed.
With apologies to all of you who still are jamming to"Silly Love Songs,"Wings never could live up to the Beatles.They didn’t have the star power.
Well,McHale finally has found his own personal John Lennon and Ringo Starr,and their names are Sam Cassell and Latrell Sprewell.The two veteran guards have given the Wolves an edge they’ve never had before,and suddenly Garnett doesn’t have to do it all by himself. Wednesday in San Antonio,Garneu struggled at the start,found himself in foul trouble and never really got into the flow of the game.As all superstars do,he still managed to put up good numbers(22 points and 10 rebounds).But Gamett never found his groove.and he certainlv didn’t control the game.
Fortunately for Kevin Garnett,he didn’t have to.Cassell,who has hit more big shots than anyone this side of Reggie Miller,came through with a huge game.Displaying his uncanny knack for creating his own midrange shots,Cassell riddled the Spurs’defense for 33 points including several clutch buckets in the fourth quarter.
Some guys like to take big shots.Cassell needs them.When the game gets tight and his.team needs a basket,Sam’s eyes light up and he enters another world.He lusts for moments like those. Sprewell also had a major impact in Wednesday’s victory,scoring 24 points and sealing the win with a steal and a highlight-reel slam.He is playing with amazing energy and zeal,and a touch of attitude that we haven’t seen from Wolves players in the past.Together.the"Big Three" have become a major force that has to rank with any combination in the league.
Wednesday’s victory in San Antonio epitomized the type of team that Minnesota has been all season.The Wolves defended well,scored 100 points against the league’s best defense.got major contributions from their bench and huge shots from their stars,and showed a resilience and confidence usually reserved for championship teams.
After several first-round flameouts,is this the year the Wolves finally make it over the hump in the playoffsIt’s only January,so we probably shouldn’t get ahead of ourselves.But the team I saw Wednesday night showed all the signs of being a major player in the NBA playoffs this spring.
If things fall just right for McHale,maybe he can finally stop fiddling with his roster and simply"Let It Be.\

The title of the passage"Timberwolves are marching to a new tune"means that______.

A.the team has changed from having to arrange a good combination of players around its only superstar into a new state in which more players are performing wonderfully
B.the team has changed from having to arrange a good combination of players around Kevin Gamett into a new combination of players around the new stars Lennon and Starr
C.the team has improved so much that it has entered a new stage
D.the team has organized demonstration with some musical instruments playing beautiful tunes