问题 问答题 简答题

为何规定轮对内侧距离为(1353士3)mm?

答案

参考答案:

规定轮对内侧距离为1353±3mm,其理由如下:

(1)减少轮缘与钢轨的磨耗,在它们之间必须留有适当游间。

(2)安全通过曲线。安全搭载量的计算:当轮对内侧距离小于1350mm,轮缘厚度最薄为23mm,最小曲线半径区段的最大轨距为1456mm时,轮对踏面的安全搭载量(即理论搭载量)λ可由下式求得:

λ=1350+23+135-1456=52mm

按最不利条件累计后,轮对踏面的实际搭载量λ’为:λ’=52-13-8-5-2=24mm

由以上计算可知,轮对在最不利的情况下仍有24mm的安全搭载量,不致引起脱轨。

(3)安全通过道岔。轮对最大内侧距离加上一个最大轮缘厚度,应小于最多等于1391mm(1356+32=1388)。轮对最小内侧距离应大于1348mm(1350-1348=2),否则,轮缘内侧面将被护轮轨挤压,不能安全通过道岔。

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第四节完形填空

The smell of old, dusty books reminds me of my father. A greedy(贪婪的) 36 , he had many books, most of which went unread.

He owned books on 37 from medicine to history and to several sets of encyclopedias (百科全书). When I enter one of his 38 bookshops where he used to buy books, such as Powell's, I am 39 back to a time when the two of us were 40 . I saw him standing by a bookshelf,  41 through a medical magazine, or opening his wallet to pay for yet 42 book, knowing well that Mom would 43 him on "waste money on books and you will never 44 !" I can not hold back my smiling at his mixed feelings, and the impressive memories always strike me even today.

Walking past rows and rows of books in our study, I remember 45 , after the cancer struck, he came less and less and read fewer and fewer books. They became just part of the 46 , collecting only dust and 47.

Near the end, perhaps knowing he would never get to read them all, he gave almost all of the books away, 48 only a few. He treated them with an almost holy (神圣的) respect, 49 any crease (皱褶) or damage would destroy them totally. 50 was the man who would pay little attention to a huge coffee mark on a book, replaced by one who would burst into terrible 51 even at a small crease.

I have read a few now after he died, and each time it 52  a hurt in my heart. But I suppose it is a kind of quest (追求), because if I can take on his eagerness for 53, his cheerful smile for happiness, and his willingness to help others, then like a match in the darkness, I will bring a little light into the world. And if that light 54 others, maybe it will spread far and wide, 55 up the heavens. I think he'd like that.

36. A. poet                 B. collector                C. author             D. writer

37. A. something      B. none                  C. nothing             D. everything

38. A. lovely               B. fond                    C. favourite           D. enjoyable

39. A. brought        B. held                    C. dated             D. hit

40. A. surprised             B. happy                   C. disappointed       D. sad

41. A. getting               B. seeing                  C. working             D. looking

42. A. another        B. one                   C. more               D. other

43. A. shout                B. speak                   C. lecture                   D. say

44. A. care                 B. read                    C. like                D. write

45. A. where               B. who                    C. what                D. how

46. A. background          B. sign                    C. furniture            D. symbol

47. A. memories           B. time                   C. information         D. powder

48. A. remaining           B. keeping               C. holding             D. taking

49. A. only if             B. if only                  C. even if             D. as if

50. A. Missed              B. Gone             C. Absent             D. Disappeared

51. A. joy                B. fun                    C. anger             D. happiness

52. A. causes               B. makes                  C. takes               D. damages

53. A. power              B. peace                   C. money                  D. knowledge

54. A. pulls               B. touches                 C. pushes            D. affects

55. A. lighting           B. giving             C. going                 D. taking