在螺线管内部放置小磁针a，在螺线管的周围放置了b、c、d三个小磁针，螺线管与电源E、开关S、电阻R构成闭合电路，当开关S闭合，且各个小磁针均处于静止状态后，各个小磁针的指向如图4所示，其中错误的是（　　）

A．小磁针a

B．小磁针b

C．小磁针c

D．小磁针d

Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regu lates the manner in which deviants are treated.

The most powerful protection against deviance is________.

A．negative sanctions

B．severe punishments

C．the individual’s conscience

D．unrestrained suppression