问题 填空题

常温下,将某一元酸HA和NaOH溶液等体积混合,两种溶液的浓度和混合后所得溶液的pH如下表:

实验编号HB物质的量浓度(mol/L)KOH物质的量浓度(mol/L)混合溶液的pH
0.20.2pH=a
c10.2pH=7
0.10.1pH>7
0.10.1pH=9
 

请回答下列问题:

(1)不考虑其他组的实验结果,单从甲组情况分析,如何用a(混合溶液的pH)来说明HB是强酸还是弱酸________。

(2)不考虑其他组的实验结果,单从乙组情况分析,c1是否一定等于0.2 mol/L________?(填“是”或“否”)。混合溶液中离子浓度c(B)与c(K)的大小关系是________。

A.前者大                              B.后者大

C.二者相等                                  D.无法判断

(3)从丙组实验结果分析,HB是________酸(填“强”或“弱”)。该混合溶液中离子浓度由大到小的顺序是________。

(4)丁组实验所得混合溶液中由水电离出的c(OH)=________mol/L。写出该混合溶液中下列算式的精确结果(不能做近似计算),c(K)-c(B)=_mol/L。

答案

(1)若a=7,则HB为强酸,若a>7,则为弱酸

(2)否;C (3)弱;c(Na)>c(B)>c(OH)>c(H)

(4)10-5;10-5-10-9

(1)因为是一元酸和一元碱等物质的量浓度等体积混合,说明恰好完全反应,生成的产物是KB,对KB溶液分析,若a=7,说明HB是强酸,若a>7,说明溶液因B的水解而显碱性,则HB是弱酸。(2)c1不一定等于0.2。当HB是强酸时等于0.2;当HB是弱酸时,大于0.2。因为pH=7,说明c(H)=c(OH),那么根据电荷守恒可知,一定有c(K)=c(B)。(3)由丙组实验数据可知,两溶液等体积等物质的量浓度混合后pH>7。说明B水解,得到HB是弱酸,其他易推知。(4)丁组实验中所得溶液的pH=9,说明溶液中c(H)=10-9mol/L,则由水电离产生的c(H)=c(OH)==10-5(mol/L),由电荷守恒得:c(K)+c(H)=c(OH)+c(B),则c(Na)-c(B)=c(OH)-c(H)=(10-5-10-9)mol/L。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     When people want to know about the weather, they usually go to their radios, TVs, newspapers, or to the

Internet. However, you can also find many weather signs among wildlife, because of their highly developed

senses. Drops in air pressure (压力) produce an effect on small animals in many ways. Mice and deer are

good weather indicators. People who spend a lot of time outdoors have observed that, before a storm, field

mice come out of their holes and run around. Deer leave high ground and come down from the mountains.

     Birds are especially good weather indicators because they also show the effect of a pressure drop in many

ways. For example, some birds become irritable (急躁的) and quarrelsome and will fight over a piece of bread.

Other birds chirp (叽叽喳喳) and sing just before a storm. It seems they know they won't get another chance

for an hour or two. Birds also seek safe places before a storm. You will sometimes see birds settling in trees

or gathering together on a wire close to a building. Pre-storm low pressure makes the air so thin that birds

have difficulty flying.

     It is unusual to see many birds flying overhead in the summertime, rather than during the periods in the

spring or autumn. Watch for other weather signs if you see this. If they fly in the wrong direction, they may

be flying ahead of a storm.

     By paying closer attention to some important signs in nature, we can become better prepared for any kind

of weather.

1. The word "indicators" in paragraph 1 probably means _____.

A. maps

B. services

C. signs

D. stations

2. There will be a storm if birds _____. 

A. make more noise than usual

B. fly in different directions

C. come down from tall trees

D. share a piece of bread

3. How can birds sense the coming of a storm? 

A. By feeling a drop in air temperature.

B. By noticing the change of wind directions.

C. By feeling a drop in air pressure.

D. By noticing the movements of other animals.

4. The best title for the text would be _____. 

A. Signs of a Storm

B. Drops in Air Pressure

C. Animals'Sharp Senses

D. Nature's Weather Signs

单项选择题