问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

躯干、四肢意识性本体感觉传导通路的3级神经纤维,不正确的叙述是()。

A.薄束位于脊髓后索内侧部

B.楔束位于脊髓后索的外侧部

C.在延髓内,内侧丘系位于中线两侧

D.在脑桥内,内侧丘系位于被盖后缘

E.在中脑内,内侧丘系位于红核外侧

答案

参考答案:D

单项选择题

反式脂肪酸究竟有多可怕 方舟子 食用油的安全问题时不时地会成为舆论的热点。前一阵子国内媒体热炒过地沟油,最近又开始热炒“植物奶油”或“氢化油”,说它们富含危害健康的反式脂肪酸,并称现在不少欧美国家已经开始对氢化油封杀、叫停,但在国内仍然可以看到普遍使用氢化油的情形。 反式脂肪酸,这个名字听上去就很反面,但其实是根据其分子结构命名的,很中性。脂肪由脂肪酸和甘油结合而成。脂肪酸的样子像一条长长的链条,是由一个个的碳原子串起来的,碳原子上面还有氢原子与之结合。碳原子的化合价是4价,可以跟其他原子形成4个共价键,氢则是1价。在链条中间的碳原子,由于已与两个碳原子相连,最多还可以结合2个氢原子。如果链条上每一个碳原子都尽可能多地与氢原子结合,我们就说这种脂肪酸达到了饱和状态,称之为饱和脂肪酸。动物脂肪和某些植物油(包括椰子油、棕榈油和可可油)富含饱和脂肪酸。 在饱和状态下,链条中的碳原子彼此是以单键相连的。有的脂肪酸的链条中间的两个碳原子彼此是以双键相连的,这时这两个碳原子都分别只与一个氢原子结合,处于不饱和状态,我们把这种脂肪酸叫作不饱和脂肪酸。这两个以双键相连的碳原子,如果它们的氢原子位于同一侧,叫作顺式,这种脂肪酸就叫顺式脂肪酸。如果它们的氢原子分别位于两侧,就叫作反式脂肪酸。顺式脂肪酸的链在双键的地方打了一个弯,性质不稳定。反式脂肪酸则和饱和脂肪酸一样是直链,比较稳定。 胆固醇有两种,一种是“坏”胆固醇(低密度脂蛋白胆固醇),如果它的含量过高,就会慢慢地在动脉管壁沉积下来,形成粥样小瘤,导致动脉硬化。一种是“好”胆固醇(高密度脂蛋白胆固醇),能够防止粥样小瘤的形成。饱和脂肪酸能增加“坏”胆固醇的含量,相应地增加了心血管疾病的风险。而反式脂肪酸除了能增加“坏”胆固醇的含量,同时还能降低“好”胆固醇的含量,相当于双重增加了心血管疾病的风险。顺式脂肪酸则没有这个问题,有的顺式脂肪酸反而能降低心血管疾病的风险。 即使在摄入的量很少时(只占食物热量的1~3%),反式脂肪酸对心血管疾病的风险仍然很明显。反式脂肪酸可能还有其他方面的危害,但还没有确证。反式脂肪酸除了能给人体提供能量之外,没有营养价值,反而有害,那么就应该尽量减少摄入它,越少越好。世界卫生组织的建议是每天摄入的反式脂肪酸的量不要超过食物热量的1%,大致相当于不要超过2克,吃一份炸薯条就远远超过这个量了(大约含5~6克反式脂肪酸)。所以如果经常吃快餐、糕点、油炸食品、零食的话,是很难不超过这个限量的。 (选自2010.11.10《中国青年报》,有删改)

下列对文中“反式脂肪酸”的理解,准确的一项是()。

A.反式脂肪酸属不饱和脂肪酸,两个碳原子的氢原子分别位于脂肪酸链的两侧

B.反式脂肪酸是根据其结构特点命名的,和饱和脂肪酸一样在结构上比较稳定

C.反式脂肪酸对心血管危害极大,对其他器官没有危害

D.反式脂肪酸的摄人量每天不超过食物热量的1%,就不会对心血管造成危害

单项选择题

My Space and other Web sites have unleashed a potent new phenomenon of social networking in cyberspace, (1) at the same time, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that traditional social (2) play a surprisingly powerful and under-recognized role in influencing how people behave.

The latest research comes from Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, at the Harvard Medical School, and Dr. James H. Fowler, at the University of California at San Diego. The (3) reported last summer that obesity appeared to (4) from one person to another (5) social networks, almost like a virus or a fad. In a follow-up to that provocative research, the team has produced (6) findings about another major health (7) : smoking. In a study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine, the team found that a person’s decision to (8) the habit is ply affected by (9) other people in their social network quit—even people they do not know. And, surprisingly, entire networks of smokers appear to quit virtually (10)

For (11) of their studies, they (12) of detailed records kept between 1971 and 2003 about 5,124 people who participated in the landmark Framingham Heart Study. Because many of the subjects had ties to the Boston suburb of Framingham, Mass. , many of the participants were (13) somehow—through spouses, neighbors, friends, co-workers—enabling the researchers to study a network that (14) 12,067 people.

Taken together, these studies are (15) a growing recognition that many behaviors are (16) by social networks in (17) that have not been fully understood. And (18) may be possible, the researchers say, to harness the power of these networks for many (19) , such as encouraging safe sex, getting more people to exercise or even (20) crime.

20()

A.banning

B.promoting

C.fighting

D.committing