设计管理有哪些原则及作用？
参考答案：
原则：1）、创造和优化设计的环境；2）、建立合理有序的设计组织结构；3）、有一个质量保障体系，以避免质量隐患和日后的质量事故。4）、设计管理作为管理设计的工具，必须在科学的层面上乃至哲学的层面上开展。
作用：1）、组织保障功能；2）、设计质量的保障功能；3）、设计系统和程序保障功能；4）、设计目的的保障功能。
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with，especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very ____things are handwritten.All too often，people buy a pen based only on ____，and wonder why they are not satisfied ___ they begin to use it.However，buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not ____ if you keep the following in mind. First of all，a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be __5__ to use.The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征)____ comfort.Having a small hand and thick fingers，you may be comfortable with a thin pen.If you have a ____ hand and thicker fingers you may ____a fatter pen.The length of a pen can ____ influence comfort.A pen that is too ____ can easily feel topheavy and unstable. Then，the writing point of the pen should ____ the ink to flow evenly(均匀地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper.____ will make it possible for you to create a ____ line of writing.The point should also be sensitive enough to ____ink from running when the pen is lifted.A point that does not block the ____ may leave drops of ink，____ you pick the pen up and put it down again. ___，the pen should make a thick，dark line.Fineline pens may ____ bad handwriting，but fine，delicate lines do not command ____ next to printed text，as，____，a signature on a printed letter.A broader line，on the other hand，gives an impression of confidence and authority(权威)．
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