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四川风味

答案

参考答案:

(1)概况

位于长江上游的四川盆地,山川环抱,物产丰富。境内气候温和,四季常青,盛产粮、油、果、蔬和禽、畜及河鲜、野味。四川以丰富的物产、特殊的加工方法而享誉中国和世界,有“食在中国,味在四川”之美誉。

(2)历史

四川早在5000多年前已有早期烹饪。商周时已有多种烹饪名品。隋唐五代时期,四川进一步发展,技艺更为精良,品种更为丰富。两宋时川菜进入临安,明清初引进辣椒,进一步奠定了四川风味的味型特色。清末民初,四川风味的烹饪技法已臻于完善,各种味型已成熟定型。

(3)特色

①原料:除平原的粮、油、禽、畜、蔬、果、笋外,山区中还有熊、鹿、獐等。江河中还有江团、岩鲤、雅鱼、中华鲟鱼等。调味料有自贡井盐、德阳酱油、保宁醋、简阳辣椒、叙府牙菜、新繁泡菜、清溪花椒等。

②加工法:方法很多,常用的有三十种以上。有炒、煎、烧、炸、蒸、煮、焖、爆、熘、炖、熏、醉、卤和拌等,尤以小炒、小煎、干烧、干煸等见长。③口味:讲究鲜、爽、醇、浓、麻辣辛香突出,具有百菜百味的独特风格。味型丰富,常用的有麻辣、鱼香、红油、豆瓣、怪味等味型,同时兼有咸甜、咸鲜、荔枝、酸辣、糖醋、椒盐等味型,尤以麻辣、鱼香、怪味等味型常见。

(4)构成主要由成都、重庆、自贡风味组成。

①成都风味:除具有川菜的共同特点外,更注重麻味在加工中的应用。代表菜有麻婆豆腐、樟茶鸭子、家常海参、干烧鲜鱼、锅巴肉线、鸡豆花、红烧熊掌、回锅肉等,名面小吃有赖汤园、龙抄手、担担面、夫妻肺片等。②重庆风味:更注重辣味的应用。其辣香特别突出。代表菜有:鱼香肉丝、干烧岩鱼、毛肚火锅、一品海参、烧牛头方、清炖牛尾等。面点小吃有山城小汤圆、九园包子、鸡丝凉面、鸡汁什锦等。③自贡风味:该地多少数民族,自贡风味除具有川味特征外,还具有浓厚的少数民族特色。口味麻辣并重,鲜香软嫩。

(5)代表菜

水煮牛肉、小煎鸡米等。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Overcoming(克服) shyness is not impossible. The following steps may be helpful.

Step 1

     Overcoming shyness is mainly a case of mind over matter. If you're afraid to do it, you will get much shyer when

doing it. The more you come to talk with people, the easier it will become. You may also find that it's not as difficult

as you thought anyway. Just talk to people a little more every day.

Step 2

     It sometimes helps to try to imagine you as another person. Think about this: Do you get shy when someone else

walks up to talk to   another? Of course you don't.   Think of   yourself as just somebody else and it'll  make it a little

easier.

Step 3

     Dress to impress. The better you look, the more confident you'll feel. Feeling good about your appearance can

greatly reduce shyness.

Step 4

     If you're up on stage, try to imagine that you're somewhere else. Maybe in your own comfortable living room. Tell

yourself that the audiences are really no big deal. They're ONLY people.

1. The first step mainly tells us   .

A. we should talk to people as much as possible

B. it's difficult to get over shyness

C. we'll be shy when talking to more people

D. we are shy because we don't think carefully

2. The second step tells us it's    to think of yourself as another person.

A. unnecessary            

B. interesting

C. useful                  

D. difficult

3. What does the underlined word "reduce" mean in this passage?

A. 喜欢      

B. 减少    

C. 增大    

D. 防治

4. We can learn from the fourth step that   .

A. it's easy to speak in our living room

B. it's easy to speak to only people

C. what to think of when speaking on stage

D. when you can speak on stage

5. What's the best title of this passage?

A. How to get over shyness

B. How to speak in public

C. Don't look on you as yourself

D. How to feel good about yourself

解答题