试述不同层次障碍的康复对策。
参考答案：
对于形态功能障碍要促进功能恢复，对并发症、继发症要进行预防和治疗。对于个体能力障碍，采取适应和代偿的对策。为了发挥瘫痪肢体残存的功能，可利用辅助器、自助具以提高日常生活活动能力，配置代偿装备，如矫形器、假肢、轮椅等用品。对社会活动发生障碍的对策是改善环境，对家属、单位、社区进行工作，确保对残障者进行照顾，改造公共设施（如房屋、街道、交通等）和社会环境，使残障者能方便、平等地参与活动。对成年人应促使其参加工作；对儿童、少年应确保其受教育；对老年人，要使其过有意义的生活，老有所为。
| Declan Mayes, President of the Music Buyers Association, is furious at a recent announcement by the recording industry regarding people downloading MP3 music files from the Internet as actual criminals. A few parallels may be instructive. If someone copies an audio music cassette for their own private use, they are, strictly speaking, breaking the law. But recording companies have usually turned a blind eye to this practice because prosecuting the few people involved would be difficult, and the financial loss to the company itself is not considered significant. Now the Music Recording Association has announced that it regards individuals downloading music from the Internet as pirates, claiming that they damage the industry in just the same way. "The industry is completely overreaching; it’ll be a laughing stock," says Mayes. "They’re going to arrest some teenager downloading files in his bedroom and sue him for thousands of dollars! This isn’t going to frighten anyone into buying CDs". Mayes may have a point. There is a general consensus that CD pirates should be subjected to the full wrath of the law, but few would see an individual downloading music for his or her own pleasure in the same light. However, downloading music files illegally is not as innocuous as making private copies of audio cassettes. The scratchy, distorted cassette copy is a poor version of the original recording, whereas an MP3 file is of high quality and can be stored on a CD, for example. It is this that makes the practice a powerful temptation for music fans, given the high cost of CDs. What does Mayes think about claims that music companies could be forced out of business by people downloading music illegally That’s nonsense. Music companies are always whining about high costs, but that doesn’t prevent them from recording hundreds of CDs by completely unknown artists, many of whom are "packaged" by marketing departments to appeal to young consumers. The companies are simply hoping that one of these new bands or singers will be a hit, and although it can be expensive to promote new artists, the cost of manufacturing the CDs is actually very low. This last point would appear to be the focus of resentment against music companies, a CD is far cheaper to produce than its price in the shops would indicate, and profit margins for the music companies are huge. An adult with a reasonable income may not object to paying ￡15 for a CD of classical music, but a teenager buying a CD by the latest pop sensation may find that price rather steep — especially since the latest pop sensation is almost certain to be forgotten within a few months. And while the recording industry can’t be held responsible for the evanescent nature of fame, given the teenage appetite for anything novel, it could lower the prices it charges — especially since technology is making CDs even cheaper to produce. This is what Mayes hopes will happen. If the music industry stops exploiting the music-buying public, it can survive. Everyone would rather buy a CD, with an attractive jacket and booklet, than mess around downloading files, but the price has to be reasonable. The problem isn’t going to vanish if the industry carries on trying to make a quick profit. Technology has caught up with the music companies, and trying to fight it by taking people to court will only earn money for the lawyers. |
Mayes thinks that the recording industry’s recent announcement ______.
A．(A) fails to take into account the difficulties of prosecuting offenders
B．(B) makes the industry appear ridiculous
C．(C) will deter consumers from buying CDs
D．(D) will encourage resentment of CD piracy