问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

患者表现为年龄与行为、社会角色不符合,想处于婴儿期。此时患者的状态称为角色()

A.回避

B.猜疑

C.焦虑

D.退化

E.愤怒

答案

参考答案:D

解析:患者常见的心理问题:(1)焦虑:焦虑是预期要发生不良后果时的一种复杂情绪反应。分为:①期待性焦虑。②分离性焦虑。③阉割性焦虑。(2)退化:退化也称幼稚化,即其行为表现与年龄、社会角色不相称,退回到婴儿时期的模式。①自我中心加强。②依赖性加强。③兴趣狭窄。(3)主观感觉异常:主观感受与体验及正常时的差异。可以出现如时间知觉、空间知觉的异常。(4)猜疑:缺乏根据的猜测,一种消极的自我暗示。常常会出现许多疑问,甚至有迷信色彩的认识。(5)愤怒:患者常为不能自理或一些小事而愤怒。愤怒还有可能转化为自残和抑郁。(6)孤独感:与分离感相联系,患者易感孤独。与孤独感相联系,还会有被遗弃的焦虑。(7)失助感和自怜:当一个人认为自己对所处情境没有控制力并无力改变它的时候,就会产生失助感。与失助感相联系,患者往往会出现自怜自卑情绪。(8)期待:对未来的美好想象的追求。

阅读理解

The great Alaskan explorer John Muir once wrote that to have dinner with a glacier (冰川) on a sunny day is an excellent thing. It is better to sleep beside one, on an Antarctic island,  with just a sleepifig bag for warmth and the sky as your tent.

Our camp-out was in early January of this year on Danco Island, along the Antarctic Peninsula.  Midway through a 10-day Antarctic journey, conditions were near perfect.  We started our voyage from the Akademik Ioffe in Zodiacs,  landing on the wide beach with its fist-sized rocks.  At the height of the Antarctic summer, the shore was clear of snow, with plenty of room for the 40 adventurers to spend the night.

Danco Island was charted in 1898 by the Belgian explorer Adrien de Gerlache, who was the first to prove that you could overwinter in Antarctica and survive.  De Gerlache paved the way for Lt.  Robert Scott's first expedition in 1901.  De Gerlache mapped the archipelago (群岛).  He later named the island after his team member mile Danco,  a geophysicist who died that winter.  For one year in the mid-1950s, Danco was known as Base O by the British, who kept a scientific research station there, although all that. remains of it is a foundation and a pile of coal.

Our expedition was organized by Australian tour operator Peregrine Adventures. The weather was extraordinary -- sunny with daytime temperatures of about 1't2.  The camping was easy and accessible to all ages.  Sleeping under the stars in Antarctica,  in just a sleeping bag is pretty amazing.

1. Whom did Adrien de Gerlache have a direct effect on?

A. John Muir.           B. Lt. Robert Scott.

C. The tourists.          D. The author. 

2. What was Danco Island named after?

A. A place.             B. A glacier.

C. A person.           D. An ocean.

3. It can be inferred from the passage that        .

A. old people can't go 'camping in Antarctica

B. the author went to the Antarctica in winter

C. John Muir might have visited an Antarctic island

D. Lt. Robert Scott built a station in the Antarctic

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Danco Island

B. An expedition to Antarctica

C. Explorers of Antarctica

D. Sleep under the stars in Antarctica

名词解释