问题 问答题 简答题

简述财政政策及其局限性。

答案

参考答案:

财政政策是指以一国政府为实现一定的宏观经济目标而调整财政收支规模和收支平衡的指导原则及其相应的措施。财政政策运用得当,可以保证经济的持续、稳定、协调发展;财政政策运用失当,会引起经济的失衡和波动。

财政政策的局限性主要有:

(1)挤出效应。增加政府投资会相应减少民间用于投资和消费的资金,从而抑制了总需求。

(2)大部分竞争性部门政府投资的效率不如民间投资,政府投资规模也比较大,造成全社会投资效率的下降。

(3)长期使用财政政策会抑制民间投资的积极性。

单项选择题

Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that (1) a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were not depressed but had mothers who (2) recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no (3) or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain (4) while completing a task that could (5) either reward or punishment.

(6) with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had (7) neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward. (8) , the high-risk girls showed no (9) in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (背侧前扣带皮质), believed to play a role in (10) past experiences to assist learning.

The high-risk girls did have greater activation of this brain area (11) receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time (12) information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure.

"Considered together with reduced activation in the striatal (纹状体的) areas commonly observed (13) reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically (14) in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression, (15) they have not yet experienced a depressive (16) ," wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleagues. " (17) , longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations (18) in this study during the processing of (19) and losses are associated with the (20) onset of depression," they concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

8()

A.Directly

B.Hardly

C.Specifically

D.Initially

单项选择题