问题 问答题 简答题

什么是压力管道的水击(水锤)现象?原因?有何危害?如何消除?

答案

参考答案:

在压力管道中,由于液体流速的急剧改变,从而造成瞬时压力显著、反复、迅速变化的现象,称为水击,也称水锤。

引起水击的基本原因是:当压力管道的阀门突然关闭或开启时,当水泵突然停止或启动时,因瞬时流速发生急剧变化,引起液体动量迅速改变,而使压力显著变化。管道上止回阀失灵,也会发生水击现象。在蒸汽管道中,若暖管不充分,疏水不彻底,导致送出的蒸汽部分凝结成水,体积突然缩小,造成局部真空,周围介质将高速向此处冲击,也会发出巨大的音响和振动。

水击现象发生时,压力升高值可能为正常压力的好多倍,使管壁材料承受很大应力;压力的反复变化,会引起管道和设备的振动,严重时会造成管道、管道附件及设备的损坏。

消除或减轻水击危害的基本方法有:

(1)缓慢开启或关闭阀门;

(2)尽量缩短阀件与容器间的管道长度;

(3)止回阀应动作灵活,不应出现忽开忽关现象;

(4)管道应装设安全阀、空气阀或蓄能器;

(5)蒸汽管道送汽前要充分暖管,彻底疏水,然后缓慢开启阀门送汽。

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B
SPECIAL EVENTS THIS WEEKEND
Captain Goodfellow
Do your children enjoy interesting stories, funny games, and exciting dances? Captain Goodfellow will be ready to teach all these things to children of all ages at the City Theatre on Saturday at 17:00, FREE.
Walking Tour of the Town
    Forget your worries on Saturday morning. Take a beautiful walk and learn about local history. Meet at the front entrance of the City Hall at 9:30. Wear comfortable shoes!
Film at the Museum
Two European films will be shown on Saturday afternoon at the Museum Theatre.
See Broken Window at 1:30. The Workers will be at 3:45. For further information, call 4987898.
Do You Want to Hear “The Zoo”
“The Zoo”, a popular rock group from Australia, will give their first US concert tomorrow at 20:00 at Rose Hall, City College.
61. You can send your children to Captain Goodfellow to learn dances _______.
A. at 5:00 a.m. on Saturday                 B. at 9:30 on Saturday morning
C. on Saturday afternoon                            D. every day except Saturday if you pay
62. If you are going on the Walking Tour, don’t forget _______.
A. your worries                                          B. your beautiful walk
C. the local history                      D. your pleasant shoes
63. “The Zoo” is ______.
A. a park with lots of animals          B. a famous concert
C. a musical band                          D. the first group to US
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