问题 问答题 简答题

简述结构分析法的内容?

答案

参考答案:

(1)结构论认为,国际收支逆差尤其是长期性的国际收支逆差,即可能是由长期性过度需求引起的,也可能是由长期性供给不足引起的,而长期性供给不足往往是由经济结构问题引起的,表现为:经济结构老化;经济结构单一。结构单一往往会导致国际收支的经常逆差,

首先,单一的出口商品,其价格易受国际市场价格波动的影响,因而国际收支难以稳定。

其次,经济结构单一,意味着经济发展将长期依赖进口,进口替代的选择余地几乎为零。经济发展的速度越快、愿望越高,国际收支逆差或逆差倾向越严重;经济结构落后,这是指一国产业生产的出口商品需求对收入的弹性低和需求对价格的弹性高,进口商品的需求对收入的弹性高和需求对价格的弹性低。当出口商品的需求对收入的弹性低时,别国经济和收入的相对快速增长不能导致该国出口的相应增加;当进口商品的需求对收入的弹性高时,本国经济和收入的相对快速增长却会导致进口的相应增加,这样,就会发生国际收支的收入性逆差。当出口商品需求对价格的弹性高时,本国出口商品价格的相对上升会导致出口数量的相对减少;当进口商品需求时价格的弹性低时,外国商品价格的相对上升却不能导致本国进口数量的相对减少,在这种情况下,货币贬值不仅不能改善国际收支,反而会使国际收支恶化。

(2)政策主张。政策调节的重点应放在改善经济结构和加速经济发展方面。主要手段是增加投资,增加资源的流动性,使劳动力和资金等生产要素能顺利地从传统行业流向新兴行业。经济结构落后的国家要积极增加国内储蓄,而经济结构先进的国家和国际经济组织应增加对经济结构落后国家的投资,经济结构落后的国家通过改善经济结构和发展经济,不仅能克服自身的国际收困难,同进也能增加从经济结构先进的国家的进口,从而有助于经济结构先进的国家的出口和就业的增长。

多项选择题
完形填空

五.任务型阅读(10分)
Could your cellphone give you cancer? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that phones, powerlines and wi-fi (路由器) could be responsible for a range of illnesses, from rashes to brain tumours.
For example, Camilla Rees, 48, a former investment banker in the US, moved out of her apartment in San Francisco because of the radiation coming from next door. Rees told the Los Angeles Times that when her neighbors moved in and installed a wi-fi router she lost her ability to think clearly. “I would wake up dizzy in the morning. I’d fall to the floor. I had to leave to escape that nightmare,” she said. Since then, she’s been on a campaign against low-level electromagnetic fields, or EMFs(低频电磁场).
And she’s not alone. Millions of people say they suffer from headaches, depression, nausea and rashes when they’re too close to cellphones or other sources of EMFs.
Although the World Health Organization has officially declared that EMFs seem to pose little threat, governments are still concerned. In fact, last April, the European Parliament called for countries to take steps to reduce exposure to EMFs. The city of San Francisco and the state of Maine are currently considering requiring cancer-warning labels on cellphones. 
If these fears are reasonable, then perhaps we should all be worried about the amount of time we spend talking on our phones or plugging into wi-fi hotpots.
Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties. David Carpenter, a professor of environmental health sciences at the University at Albany, in New York, thinks there’s a greater than 95% chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia. Also there’s a greater than 90% chance that cellphones can cause brain tumours.
But others believe these concerns are unreasonable paranoia (猜疑). Dr Martha Linet, the head of radiation epidemiology at the US National Cancer Institute, has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion. “I don’t support warning labels for cellphones,” said Linet. “We don't have the evidence that there’s much danger.”
Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs and illness — so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cellphone industry group.
According to Robert Park, a professor of physics at the University of Maryland in the US, the magnetic waves aren’t nearly powerful enough to break apart DNA, which is how known threats, such as UV rays and X-rays, cause cancer.
Perhaps it’s just psychological. Some experts find that the electro-sensitivity syndrome seems to be similar to chemical sensitivity syndrome, which is a condition that’s considered to be psychological.
Whether EMFs are harmful or not, a break in the countryside, without the cellphone, would probably be good for all of us.
Title: Could cellphones give you cancer?
Key points
Supporting details
Cellphones are (71)______ to use
● Some people think it (72)______ for cellphones to cause cancer.
● Camilla Rees got ill after his neighbor installed a wi-fi router.
● Millions of people have the (73) _______ problems as Camilla.
● Some evidence supports people’s anxieties.
Cellphones are safe
to use
● Some believe that these concerns are just paranoia.
● So far, studies show that there isn’t much (74)______ between EMFs and illness.
● Robert Park thinks that the magnetic waves aren’t (75)_______ enough to destroy DNA.
● It’s just for (76)_______ reasons that people feel ill when they use cellphones.
Attitudes and (77)______
● Some governments are (78)_______ about the safety of cellphones or EMFs.
● The author thinks that we should(79)_______ the chance of talking on the phone or spend more time in the(80)_____ areas without cellphones.