问题 单项选择题

患者,女性,59岁,发现左眼上睑肿物5个月,渐增大。体检:左眼上睑外侧睑板见黄白色结节状肿物,实性,质地较硬韧,表面溃烂。显微镜下见:瘤细胞呈巢状排列,细胞多边形、不规则形,细胞质泡沫状,胞核较大,圆形、不规则形,异型明显,核分裂较常见。部分瘤细胞核呈空泡状。正确的诊断是()

A.鳞状细胞癌

B.基底细胞癌

C.睑板腺癌

D.睑板腺囊肿

E.睑腺炎

答案

参考答案:C

解析:该题是临床综合分析题,题干的信息告诉我们,患者59岁,发现左眼上睑肿物5个月,体检:左眼上睑外侧睑板见黄白色结节状肿物,实性,质地较硬韧,表面溃烂。显微镜下见:瘤细胞呈巢状排列,细胞多边形、不规则形,细胞质泡沫状,胞核较大,圆形、不规则形,异型明显,核分裂较常见,部分瘤细胞核呈空泡状,均符合睑板腺癌的临床及病理表现。而其他几种病变均不能与信息中的特点吻合。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     In 1890 William James, the American philosopher and physician and one of the founders of modern

psychology, defined psychology as"the science of mental life" and this definition provides a good starting

point for our understanding even today. We all have a mental life and therefore have some idea about what

this means, even though it can be studied in rats or monkeys as well as in people and the concept remains

difficult to understand.

     Like most psychologists, William James was particularly interested in human psychology, which he

thought consisted of certain basic elements: thoughts and feelings, a physical world which exists in time

and space, and a way of knowing about these things. For each of us, this knowledge is primarily personal

and private" It comes from our own thoughts, feelings and experience of the world, and may or may not

be influenced by scientific facts about things. For this reason, it is easy for us to make judgments about

psychological matters using our own experience as a standard. We behave as amateur psychologists when

we offer opinions on complex psychological phenomena. However, problems arise when two people

understand these things differently. Formal psychology attempts to provide methods for deciding which

explanations are most likely to be correct, or for determining the circumstances under which each applies.

The work of psychologists helps us distinguish between inside information, which is subjective, and may

be prejudiced and unreliable, and the facts: between our predictions and what is"true" in scientific terms.

     Psychology, as defined by William James, is about the mind or brain, but although psychologists do study

the brain, we do not understand nearly enough about its workings to be able to comprehend the part that it

plays in the experience and expression of our hopes, fears, and wishes, or in our behaviour during experiences

as varied as giving birth or watching a football match. Indeed, it is rarely possible to study the brain directly.

So, psychologists have discovered more by studying our behaviour, and by using their observations to obtain

hypotheses (假设) about what is going on inside us.

1. The first paragraph is mainly about _____.

A. the founder of modern psychology

B. the definition of psychology

C. the complexity of psychology

D. the influence of psychology

2. From Paragraph 2, we can know that problems arise because _____.

A. of the difference between inside information and the facts

B. of different thoughts and feelings about psychology

C. people usually make judgments based on their own ideas

D. amateur psychologists cannot use scientific terms

3. According to the passage, psychologists study the brain mainly _____.

A. in a direct way

B. with their own experience

C. by observing how it works

D. by watching people's behaviour

4. Which of the following can be the first sentence in the fourth paragraph?

A. Psychology is also about the ways people use their mental abilities to operate in the world around them.

B. William James is considered to be the greatest psychologist in the 1890s.

C. Psychology suggests that living beings adapt to a changing environment so that they can survive.

D. It is important for psychologists, as well as ordinary people, to be aware of the reasons.

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