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问题 单项选择题 B1型题

属于细胞凋亡主要信号通路中死亡受体途径的是（）。

A.caspase-9

B.TNFR

C.VEGFR

D.EGFR

E.MAPK

答案

参考答案：B

解析：

1.细胞凋亡主要的信号通路有：死亡受体途径和线粒体途径。死亡受体途径属于肿瘤坏死因子受体（TNFR）超家族，通过与相应的配体结合传递细胞凋亡的信号。

2.线粒体途径是线粒体接受凋亡信号后释放凋亡因子，包括细胞色素C凋亡诱导因子（AIF）等，与caspase-9结合，导致其自身剪切和活化，并进一步活化下游的caspase，从而引发凋亡。

阅读理解

In the past twenty years, riding bicycles has become more and more popular among people of all ages. (83) Bicycles have long played an important part in the lives of American young people. But today an even greater number of adults cycle along roadsides and bicycle paths. These new riders are often trying to become fit or lose weight. They have found that bicycling is a pleasant way to stay healthy.

This is certainly good for health. But it has also brought some problems. With all these added people on the road, bicycle safety has become a matter of real importance.

Bicycle safety is mostly a matter of common sense. People should ride only on bicycle paths where they will not be badly hurt. There are also a number of rules that riders should follow, especially when riding on streets or highways. Bicyclists should never ride against the traffic, nor should they carry other people on their bicycles. They are also supposed to ride in single line on busy streets and to walk bicycles across the busy intersections (交叉路口) . (84)By following these rules, bicycle riders will not only stay healthy but also be safe.

In one recent year, the National Safety Council reported that 34 thousand bicycle riders were hurt in highway accidents. In that same year, another six hundred riders were killed. Since the introduction of crash helmets (头盔) in 1980, the number of injuries (伤者) and deaths from bicycling accidents had gone down. Today, more and more riders realize the dangers of bicycling. They are wearing helmets and paying closer attention to cycling rules.

根据短文内容回答下列问题。

小题1:How many rules should the riders follow? Give one example.

                                                                             

小题2:According to the National Safety Council’s report, what’s the total number of injuries and deaths in one recent year?

                                                                             

B. 将短文中划线部分译成汉语。

小题3:                                                                          

小题4:                                                                       

C. 请给短文拟一个适当的英文标题。

小题5:                                    
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多项选择题 案例分析题

患者男，46岁，因“昏迷，尿失禁30分钟”来诊。患者多汗，流涎。查体：血压150/90mmHg，两侧瞳孔缩小，直径1mm，全身肌肉颤动，双肺可闻及湿啰音，心率78次/分，律齐，无杂音。

关于该病例的诊疗，叙述正确的有（）。

A.应仔细询问发病史

B.全面掌握有机磷等各类有毒物质中毒的临床表现

C.超声心动图对监测心功能有帮助

D.应关注患者尿量

E.此患者若诊断明确，特效解毒药应尽早应用，并根据情况决定是否需要采取肾替代治疗（CRRT）

F.重症患者，有创血压监测有助于维持循环稳定
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