问题 问答题 案例分析题

主诉:男性,56岁,间断尿频、尿急、尿痛伴腰痛和发热28年,再发加重3天。

病史:患者于28年前因会阴外伤后出现"下尿路狭窄",间断发作尿频、尿急、尿痛,有时伴腰痛、发热,经输注抗生素和对症处理后好转,每年发作3~4次。入院前3天无明显诱因发热达38~39℃,无寒战,伴尿痛、尿急、尿频,无肉眼血尿,无水肿,自服诺氟沙星(氟哌酸)无好转,为进一步诊治入院。发病来饮食可,大便正常,睡眠好,体重无明显变化。无结核病史,无药物过敏史。

查体:T38.7℃,P110次/分,R24次/分,BP128/85mmHg;急性热病容,浅表淋巴结未触及肿大,巩膜无黄染,眼睑无水肿,心肺无异常,腹平软,下腹部轻压痛,无肌紧张和反跳痛,肝脾未触及,双肾区叩痛(+),双下肢无水肿。

化验:Hb122g/L,WBC24.7×109/L,中性粒细胞0.89;尿蛋白(+),尿WBC多数/HP,可见脓细胞和白细胞管型,尿RBC5~10个/HP。

答案

参考答案:

1.诊断及诊断依据(8分)(1)诊断慢性肾盂肾炎急性发作。(2)诊断依据①反复发作的尿路刺激症状,伴腰痛、发热。本次发病急剧,存在下尿路引流不畅因素。②下腹部轻压痛,双肾区叩痛(+)。③血WBC数和中性粒细胞比例均增高,尿蛋白(+),尿WBC多数/HP,可见脓细胞和WBC管型。

2.鉴别诊断(5分)①下尿路感染。②肾、尿路结核。③ * * 综合征。④慢性肾小球肾炎。⑤泌尿系肿瘤。

3.进一步检查(4分)①血培养、尿培养、尿细菌菌落计数+药敏试验。②肾功能(BUN,Scr,尿浓缩试验,尿渗透压)。③泌尿系影像学检查,双肾、膀胱B超。

4.治疗原则(3分)①抗感染治疗,合理有效应用抗生素。②去除诱因,防止复发。

完形填空
完型填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上涂黑。
Tom was a middle-aged leather trader (皮货商) whose repeated failure in career made him a depressed man, often __1_ that he had been cheated by others. One day he told his wife he was so __2__ with the city that he had to leave.
So his family moved to another city. It was the evening of a weekend. When Tom and his wife were busily _3_ up their new home, the light suddenly __4_. Tom was regretful to have forgotten to bring along 5__ and had to wait _6_ in a low mood. Just then he heard light, hesitant 27_ on his door that were clearly audible (听到) in the __8__ night.
“Who’s it?” he wondered, since Tom was a _9__ to this city. And this was the moment he especially hated to be __10__, so he went to the door and opened it __11_. At the door was a little girl, shyly asking, “Sir, do you have candles? I’m your neighbor. ” “No,” answered Tom in anger and shut the door __12__. “What a nuisance (麻烦事)!” He complained over it with his wife. “No sooner had we settled down than the neighbor came to _13__ things.”
After a while, the door was knocked again. He opened it and found the same girl outside. __14_ this time she was _15__ two candles, saying, “My grandma told me the new neighbor downstairs might need candles. She _16_ me here to give you these.” Tom was very _17__ by what he saw. At that moment he suddenly realized what caused his _18__ in life. It was his _19_ and harshness (刻薄) with other people. The person who had cheated him in life was _20__ nobody else but himself, for his eyes had been blurred (蒙蔽) by his unsympathetic (无同情心的)mind.
小题1:
A.complainingB.tellingC.hopingD.pretending
小题2:A. pleased          B disappointed     C. exhausted      D. encouraged
小题3:
A.lookingB.turningC.comingD.tidying
小题4:
A.went onB.went downC.went outD.went through
小题5:
A.candlesB.matchesC.lightsD.flashlights
小题6:
A.happilyB.patientlyC.hopefullyD.helplessly
小题7:
A.stepsB.wordsC.knocksD.screams
小题8:
A.darkB.quietC.noisyD.crowded
小题9:
A.newcomerB.strangerC.guestD.settler
小题10:
A.calledB.disturbedC.watchedD.offered
小题11:
A.surprisinglyB.delightedlyC.impatientlyD.willingly
小题12:
A.gentlyB.kindlyC.politelyD.violently
小题13:
A.lendB.sellC.harnessD.borrow
小题14:
A.AndB.ButC.SoD.For
小题15:
A.holdingB.hidingC.fetchingD.lifting
小题16:
A.suggestedB.commandedC.sentD.forced
小题17:
A.frightenedB.pleasedC.puzzledD.surprised
小题18:
A.failureB.successC.complaintD.determination
小题19:
A.warmthB.coldnessC.kindnessD.sympathy
小题20:
A.doubtfullyB.hardlyC.actuallyD.nearly
单项选择题