问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

梅毒特征性的病理变化是()

A.树胶样肿

B.形成肿瘤

C.组织坏死

D.大量中性粒细胞

E.大量巨噬细胞

答案

参考答案:A

解析:梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体引起的传染病。95%以上通过性交传播,少数可因输血、接吻、医务人员不慎受染等直接接触传播(后天性梅毒)。梅毒螺旋体还可经胎盘感染胎儿(先天性梅毒)。基本病变有:(1)闭塞性动脉内膜炎和小血管周围炎:闭塞性动脉内膜炎指小动脉内皮细胞及纤维细胞增生,使管壁增厚、血管腔狭窄闭塞。小动脉周围炎指周围管性单核细胞、淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润。浆细胞恒定出现是本病的病变特点之一。(2)树胶样肿:病灶呈灰白色,大小不一,从镜下才可见到的大小至数厘米不等的结节。镜下结构颇似结核结节,中央为凝固性坏死,形态类似干酪样坏死,唯坏死不如干酪样坏死彻底,弹力纤维尚保存。弹力纤维染色可见组织内原有血管壁的轮廓。坏死灶周围肉芽组织中富含淋巴细胞和浆细胞,而上皮样细胞和朗格汉斯巨细胞较少,且必有闭塞性小动脉内膜炎和动脉周围炎。树胶样肿后期可被吸收、纤维化,最后使器官变形,但绝少钙化。

阅读理解

London, May 5, 2003  Emma Richards of Britain has become the first woman and the youngest person to finish the Around Alone, which is a round-the-world sailing race. The journey started in New York last September and went east around South Africa to New Zealand. It crossed the Pacific Ocean and went around South America, ending up yesterday in Rhode Island, the smallest state in America. In the end, the trip covered over 46,000 kilometres. The same sea route was taken in the past by many famous travelers who wanted to learn about the world.

Emma, a 1996 graduate (毕业生) of the University of Glasgow, finished the race at the age of twenty-eight. The race requires competitors to sail alone. Emma said that actually it was very difficult to be all by herself for such a long time even though she’s really into sailing. Her worst moment was when she had to climb the high mast (船桅) in a bad storm to fix some broken parts. She sailed hundreds of kilometres away from land and the wind was blowing very hard. Only her strong willpower kept her going to make it all the way. These days, Emma is happy to be home with her parents and sleep in a bed that stays still.

小题1:The first paragraph is mostly about       .

A.the Around Alone race

B.a terrible wind storm

C.the start of the journey

D.the smallest state in America小题2:Which one is NOT true?

A.Emma sailed alone around the world.

B.Emma made a new route for the sea travel.

C.Emma is the youngest person to finish the race.

D.Emma is the first woman to finish Around Alone.小题3:The second paragraph mainly tells us about       .

A.Emma’s parents

B.how to repair a broken boat

C.the University of Glasgow

D.Emma’s sailing experience小题4:How long did the trip take?

A.About four months.

B.About six months.

C.About eight months.

D.About twelve months.小题5: What is the best way to explain Emma’s success?

A.The other racers had many problems.

B.Her parents encouraged her to keep on.

C.She had strong willpower to make it to the end.

D.She had received a good education in a university.

单项选择题