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青龙偃月刀

韩少功

何爹剃头几十年,是个远近有名的剃匠师傅。但是的生意一天天更见冷清。我去找他剪头的时候,在几间房里寻了个遍,才发现他在竹床上睡觉。

“今天是初八,估算着你是该来了。”他高兴地打开炉门,乐滋滋地倒一盆热水,大张旗鼓进入第一道程序:洗脸清头。

“我这个头是要带到国外去的,你留心一点剃。”我提醒他。

“放心,放心!建伢子要到阿联酋去煮饭,不也是要出国?他也是我剃的。”    

洗完脸,发现停了电。不过不要紧,他的老式推剪和剃刀都不用电——这又勾起了他对新式美发的不满和不屑不屑:只晓得操一把电剪,一个吹筒,两个月就出了师,就开得店,那也算剃头?更好笑的是,眼下婆娘们也当剃匠,成何体统?

我笑他太老腔老板。

“你说,他们理发不用剃刀,像什么话呢?”他振振有词,“剃匠们以前为什么敬奉关帝爷?就因为关大 * * 的功夫也是在一把刀上,过五关,斩六将,杀颜良,诛文丑,于万军之阵取上 * * 头颅如探囊取物。要是剃匠手里没有这把刀,唉……”

我领教过他微型青龙偃月的三十六种刀法。其一是“关公拖刀”:刀背在顾客后颈处长长地一刮,刮出顾客麻酥酥的一阵惊悚。其二是“张飞打鼓”:刀口在顾客后颈上弹出一串花,同样让顾客特别舒服。还有“双龙出水”、“月中偷桃”、“哪吒探海”……待剃匠从容收刀,受用者一个喷嚏天昏地暗,尽吐五脏六腑之浊气。

何师傅操一杆青龙偃月,开刀、合刀、清刀、弹刀,由手腕与两三个指头相配合,玩出了一朵朵令人眼花缭乱的花。一把刀可以旋出任何一个角度,可以对付任何复杂的部位,上下左右无敌不克,横竖内外无坚不摧,有时甚至可以闭着眼睛上阵,无须眼角余光的照看。

一套古典绝活儿玩下来,他只收三块钱。

尽管廉价,尽管古典,他的顾客还是越来越少。但何爹不愿趋时,宁可败走麦城也绝不背汉降魏。好些年轻人来店里看一眼,发现这里不能炳油和染发,更不能做离子烫和爆炸式,就打道去了镇上。

三明爹一辈子只有一个发型,就是刨光头,每次都被何师傅刨得灰里透白,白里透青,滑溜溜地毫光四射,多年来是何爹刀下最熟悉、最亲切、最忠实的脑袋。有一段,三明爹好久没送脑袋来了。何爹算着算着日子,不免起了疑心,就翻过两个岭去看望,发现老朋友已病得脱了形,奄奄一息。

他含着泪回家取来了行头,再给三明爹的脑袋刨一次,使完了他全部的绝活儿。三明爹半躺着,舒服得长长地吁出一口气:“贼娘养的好过呀。兄弟,我这一辈子抓泥捧土,脚吃了亏,手吃了亏,肚子也吃了亏啊。搭伴你,就是脑壳没有吃亏。我这个脑壳,来世……还是你的。”

何爹含着泪说:“你放心,放心。”

光头脸上带着笑,慢慢合上了眼皮,像睡过去了。

何爹再一次“张飞打鼓”:刀口在光亮亮的头皮上一弹,弹出了一串花,由强渐弱,余音袅袅,算是最后一道工序完成。

他看见三明爹的眼皮轻轻跳了一下。

那一定是人生最后的极乐。

——(选自《2006中国年度小小说》,有删节)

小题1:作者为何要把何爹的剃刀称作“青龙偃月刀”?小说以此为题,有何深刻含义?(4分)

小题2:结合全文,简析下面文句的含义和表达上的精美之处。(4分)

①“何爹不愿趋时,宁可败走麦城也绝不背汉降魏。”(2分)

②那一定是人生最后的极乐。(2分)

小题3:小说最后详写何爹给临死的三明爹剃最后一次头这一情节,这对表现人物形象和表现小说主题有何作用?请结合原文进行分析。(6分)

答案

小题1:因为何爹用剃刀跟关羽耍大刀一样用得出神人化,堪称微型青龙偃月刀(1分),又因为何爹推崇关帝爷,不但赞赏关帝爷的刀上功夫,而且也学习关帝爷,为人讲信义,重感情,所以把何爹的剃刀比作青龙偃月刀。(2分)青龙偃月刀是历史的、古老的,小说以此为题,象征了主人翁狭义而又固执的形象特点,又暗点主题。(1分)(意思对即可)

小题1:①(2分)何爹看重自己的手艺,将其看作是至高神圣的。他看不惯新式美发方法,“宁可”写出了他不改变、不随俗,宁愿自己没生意也不愿降格以求的坚守。(1分)何爹敬奉关帝爷,作者以“走麦城”和“背汉降魏”的典故来作比,写他的坚守,既突出了人物坚守信念、义气为先的性格,又增强了小说的文化意蕴。(1分)

②(2分)“最后的极乐”有双关的意义(1分)。既是明写三明爹此生最后一次感受到老友为他剃头的快乐、满足;也惋惜地暗示何爹“青龙偃月刀”的结局,尽管是剃头绝活,但是也行将完结了(1分)。

小题1:①进一步塑造人物:突出主人翁精湛的技艺和热诚忠厚的的性格特点。何爹的“张飞打鼓”竟然让临终的三明爹感受到人生的极乐,这个细节描写赞叹何爹剃头绝活的高超,令人受用;为老友最后一次剃头,圆他的心愿,表现了何爹热诚且重情义的性格和人品(3分);②升华主题:墨守成规是没有出路的。尽管何爹的“张飞打鼓”能够让临终的三明爹感受到人生的极乐,但是,三明爹毕竟无可挽回的去世了,何爹的“青龙偃月刀”也不可避免的随着这一“知音”的去世而走向自己的完结。(3分) (意思对即可)

小题1:此题考查题目的深刻含义,可以考虑其象征意义,对主题、人物形象的作用。

小题1:本题考查“理解文中重要句子的含意”考点,能力层次为B,侧重“理解”能力的考查。“最后的极乐”有双关的意义,意思对即可

小题1:此题考查情节安排的作用,回答是注意角度“对表现人物形象和表现小说主题的作用”,再“结合原文进行分析”。

多项选择题
阅读理解

Early this month, on the Egyptian-Israeli border not far from her hometown, a series of bombings killed 35 people and injured more than 160. Despite the attack, life quickly returned to normal. Living under the threat of attack is normal here.

Israel teenagers’ interests are not very different from others’. “Low-cut jeans(低腰牛仔裤)and miniskirts are very in,”said Hinanit, an 18-year-old teenager.

“You cannot let the fighting control what you do and don’t do. Of course I am scared sometimes, but I still go out and have fun. Yon always have to be careful, and things are probably more dangerous now, but I still love Israel. It is my home, and I would not leave it for anything!” Cohen said.

Meanwhile, on the other side of the Gaza Strip, a Palestinian boy named Bilal lies in a hospital bed, with his friends round, praying for his life. He has been in a coma(昏迷)since Israeli soldiers shot him on his way to school last month. In this recent military action, Israeli soldiers have killed at least 83 Palestinians, including 24 children.

Palestinian children lead a dangerous life under the watchful eyes of Israeli soldiers. Israel presents them as terrorists(恐怖分子)and faceless stone throwers. Many Palestinian children have been driven away from homes into crowded and hungry refugee camps with their families. “Even if we are surrounded by Israeli soldiers and have no food, we will stand and defend our country,” said Fatima Al-Aidi,a 13-year-old teenager, who lost a friend in Israel’s recent attack. “I hope to carry a lot of weapons and take my revenge(报复)one day. I hope the day comes when the enemy leaves Palestine.”

小题1:The underlined sentence “Despite the attack, life quickly returned to normal” means “     ”.

A.Life has returned to normal as a result of the attack

B.Life remains normal even if there was an attack

C.Life has returned to normal, although there was an attack

D.If there is not the attack, life will return to normal小题2:Cohen’s words suggests that she        .

A.is living in horror

B.is peace-loving

C.wants to join the army

D.doesn’t let fighting change her life小题3:How does Israel think of Palestinian children? They are______

A.lovely

B.smart

C.friendly

D.dangerous小题4:What can we learn from what Fatima Al-Aidi said?

A.He was in poor health.

B.he hated Israeli soldiers.

C.He was eager to invent some other weapons to attack Israel.

D.He wishes more help to be given.