问题 问答题

德国早期歌剧--歌唱剧(Singspiel)的简况?

答案

参考答案:

1、德国第一部歌剧和第一座歌剧院:

(1)1644年由哈斯多夫(G.Harsdoffer)撰写脚本,斯塔登作曲(S.T.Stden,1607~1655)的《西勒维希》(Seelewig)被史学家认为是德国现存最早的歌剧。由于这部歌剧是对白与分节歌形式,所以也被称为歌唱剧(Singspiel),它是德国本土最早的歌剧形式。

(2)1678年在汉堡建立了德国第一座歌剧院,于是德国的歌剧艺术事业以汉堡为中心就此展开。

2、代表人物及其歌剧创作的特征:代表人物为凯塞尔(R.Keiser,1674~1739),他从1695年起担任汉堡歌剧院的首席作曲家,创作了100多部歌剧,取材于历史传说、神话故事或生活喜剧。他的歌剧受法国和意大利的影响,总体特点是:

(1)歌剧的题材有神话故事、历史传说和喜剧性内容等。

(2)歌剧大部分的形式具意大利风格,但不同的是,宣叙调用德语演唱,咏叹调用意大利语演唱。

(3)旋律常常与德国民歌相联系,一些大众性质的歌曲被融入到歌剧音乐中。

(4)不用阉人歌手。在凯塞尔之后,亨德尔(Handel)、玛特逊(J.Matteson)、泰勒曼(G.P.Telemann)等人的作品相继演出,曾轰动一时,但在意大利歌剧强大势力的影响下,德国歌剧逐渐衰落。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     This is a time of year when we think about giving and receiving presents. Can you find a little extra

to give? On this page we suggest a few organizations you might like to help.

     Littleton Children's Home

     We DON'T want your money, but children's toys, books and clothes IN GOOD CONDITION

would be very welcome.

     Also, we are looking for friendly families who would take our children into their homes for a few

hours or days as guests. You have so much?will you share it?

Phone Sister Thomas on 55671

     Children's Hospice

     We look after a small number of very sick children. This important work needs skill and love. We

cannot continue without gifts or money to pay for more nursing staff. We also need storybooks and

toys suitable for quiet games.

     Please contact the Secretary, Little Children's Hospice, Newby Road.

     Street Food

     In the winter weather, it's no fun being homeless. It's even worse if you're hungry. We give hot food

to at least fifty people every night. It's hard work, but necessary. Can you come and help? If not, can

you offer a little money? We use a very old kitchen, and we need some new saucepans(平底锅). Money

for new ones would be most welcome indeed.

     Contact Street Food, c/o Mary's House, Elming Way. Littleton Phone 27713

     Littleton Youth Club

     Have you got an unwanted chair??a record-player??a pot of paint ? Because we can use them!

     We want to get to work on our meeting room!

     Please phone 66231 and we'll be happy to collect anything you can give us.

     Thank you!

     The Night Shelter

     We offer a warm bed for the night to anyone who has nowhere to go. We rent the former

Commercial Hotel on Green Street. Although it is not expensive, we never seem to have quite enough

money. Can you let us have a few pounds? Any amount, however small, will be such a help.

     Send it to us at 15, Green St, Littleton. Please make check payable to Night Shelter.

1. What kind of people are these organizations designed for?

A. Homeless and sick children

B. Less fortunate members of our society

C. Hungry people who have no beds to sleep in

D. Friendly members of our society to help others

2. If you like children and you could offer a happy family to a homeless child, you may contact _____.

A. Street Food      

B. The Night Shelter  

C. Littleton Children's Home      

D. Children's Hospice

3. What can be concluded from the passage?

A. There are too many social problems in this society.

B. People are very poor during the time of giving.

C. To offer help is just an excuse for these organizations to collect money.

D. There are many organizations trying to solve social problems.

4. What kind of things would Littleton Youth Club like to collect?

A. Old furniture and second-hand electrical equipment.

B. An apartment and some saucepans.

C. Hot food and storybooks.

D. A sum of money and children's toys.