问题 填空题

(15分)

次磷酸(H3PO2)是一种精细化工产品,具有较强还原性,回答下列问题:

(1)H3PO2是一元中强酸,写出其电离方程式:                    

(2)H3PO2及NaH2PO2)均可将溶液中的银离子还原为银单质,从而可用于化学镀银。

①(H3PO2)中,磷元素的化合价为            

②利用(H3PO2)进行化学镀银反应中,氧化剂与还原剂的物质的量之比为4︰1,则氧化产物为:     (填化学式)

③NaH2PO2是正盐还是酸式盐?                     其溶液显            性(填弱酸性、中性、或者弱碱性)

(3)(H3PO2)的工业制法是:将白磷(P4)与氢氧化钡溶液反应生成PH3气体和Ba(H2PO2),后者再与硫酸反应,写出白磷与氢氧化钡溶液反应的化学方程式:                             

(4)(H3PO2)也可以通过电解的方法制备。工作原理如图所示(阳膜和阴膜分别只允许阳离子、阴离子通过):

①写出阳极的电极反应式                      

②分析产品室可得到H3PO2的原因                    

③早期采用“三室电渗析法”制备H3PO2,将“四室电渗析法”中阳极室的稀硫酸用H3PO2稀溶液代替,并撤去阳极室与产品室之间的阳膜,从而合并了阳极室与产品室,其缺点是                杂质。该杂质产生的原因是:                                  

答案

(1)H3PO2H++H2PO2-;(2)①+1;②H3PO4;③正盐 弱碱性;

(3)2P4+3Ba(OH)2+6H2O=3Ba(H2PO2)2+3PH3↑;

(4) ① 2H2O-4e-=O2↑+4H+;②阳极室的H+穿过阳膜扩散至产品室,原料室的H2PO3-穿过阴膜扩散至产品室,二者反应生成)③  PO43-;H3PO3或H2PO2-被氧化。

题目分析:(1)由于H3PO2是一种中元强酸,所以其电离方程式是H3PO2H++H2PO2-;(2)①根据化合物中正负化合价的代数和为0,H是+1价,O是-2价。所以在H3PO2中P元素的化合价为+1价。②根据题意结合电子守恒、原子守恒可知:氧化产物为H3PO4,还原产物是Ag。③根据元素的化合价及电离情况可知H3PO2的结构是,所以NaH2PO2是正盐;由于该盐是强碱弱酸盐,所以该溶液显弱碱性。(3)根据题意可得白磷与氢氧化钡溶液反应的化学方程式是2P4+3Ba(OH)2+ 6H2O= 3Ba(H2PO2)2 +3PH3↑;(4)①在阳极由于含有的阴离子OH-、SO42-、H2PO2-中放电能力最强的是OH-,所以发生反应: 2H2O-4e-=O2↑+4H+;②在产品室只所以可得到H3PO2是因为阳极室的H+穿过阳膜扩散至产品室,原料室的H2PO3-穿过阴膜扩散至产品室,二者反应生成)③早期采用“三室电渗析法”制备H3PO2,将“四室电渗析法”中阳极室的稀硫酸用H3PO2稀溶液代替,并撤去阳极室与产品室之间的阳膜,从而合并了阳极室与产品室,其缺点是阳极产生的氧气会把H3PO3或H2PO2-氧化为PO43-,是产品不纯。

单项选择题 A1型题
单项选择题

Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.
"The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance ; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.
The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.
Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities) , science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom... these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.
However. when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.
To illustrate, first grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.
Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.

From the last paragraph, we can see that ______.

A.a teacher’s influence on children is always positive

B.children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions by ignoring objective facts

C.if improperly handled, a teacher’s influence can be very harmful to the children

D.children may develop prejudices if the teacher’s attitude is wrong