问题 问答题

在软磁材料制造过程中应注意的原则有哪些? 

答案

参考答案:

从结构的角度看,软磁材料应满足:

(1)晶粒要尽可能大。

纯铁及铁合金矫顽力Hc与平均晶粒直径d的倒数(1/d)呈直线关系,晶粒越大矫顽力越小,有以下经验公式:Hc=Hco+α/d。其中,α为由物质及结晶组织决定的常数。晶界为原子严重错排区,对畴壁移动产生阻碍作用。因此,晶粒尽可能大,以减少晶界。但这仅是针对块状晶体材料的一般原则,对于高新技术材料之一的薄膜磁性材料来说,采用超微细晶粒可以提高其软磁特性。

(2)杂质要尽可能少

铁中含有碳时,最大磁导率与矫顽力HC随碳的质量分数成反比例关系。一般说来,杂质的存在会阻碍晶核生长、晶粒长大,而且会析出杂相物,阻碍磁畴壁的移动。

(3)内应力要尽可能低

这里所说的内应力是指存在于晶胞范围内或晶粒范围内的微观内应力。广义地讲,晶体缺陷(包括点缺陷、位错、层错、析出物等)周围都会或多或少地存在内应力。当材料在外力作用下发生塑性变形时,由于上述应力场的存在,还会使内应力增加,影响磁性。

完形填空
Cloze test.
     Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables in their gardens, and looking
after animals. Some hobbies are relaxing and   1   are creative. Hobbies can develop your interests and help
you learn new skills.
     David Smith is a student. His hobby is writing.   2   the summer of 2000, he spent four weeks on a summer
camp. As well as the usual activities, such as sailing, climbing and mounting biking, there was a writing
workshop with a profession   3  . "She asked us to imagine that we were in a story. Then we wrote about
our   4   at the camp."
     In senior high school David wrote a story about teenage life, and it   5   as a book in 2003. Many teenagers
love his book, and as a result, David has become a   6   young writer.
     David has been very lucky   7   his hobby has brought him enjoyment and success. But he is   8   interested
in many other things. "I like playing volleyball, too." says David. "I spend some of my free time playing volleyball
for my school team.   9   I'll write more books in the future, but I'm not sure."
     It's something difficult  10  that we shouldn't spend all our time on our favourite hobby. There are many other
interesting things to do in life, and we should try to do something new or different.
( )1. A. other       
( )2. A. During      
( )3. A. manager     
( )4. A. experiences 
( )5. A. took out    
( )6. A. successful  
( )7. A. or          
( )8. A. too         
( )9. A. Usually     
( )10. A. remember   
B. others         
B. At              
B. doctor           
B. examples       
B. tried out      
B. normal        
B. but           
B. also            
B. Immediately     
B. remembers    
C. the other   
C. For             
C. singer         
C. excuses         
C. came out    
C. polite        
C. because      
C. only           
C. Maybe         
C. remembered     
D. another      
D. On             
D. writer         
D. experiments             
D. went out     
D. lonely       
D. though         
D. either       
D. Once          
D. to remember   
多项选择题