问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

一周内每日腹泻4次以上的儿童严禁使用()

A.卡介苗

B.麻疹疫苗

C.乙肝疫苗

D.乙脑疫苗

E.脊髓灰质炎疫苗

答案

参考答案:E

解析:脊髓灰质炎疫苗属于活疫苗,腹泻时儿童免疫力降低,可能会产生严重的副反应。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成第11~15题。(17分)

太空“流浪汉”

①2月 15日发生在俄罗斯的一幕,让人们顿时感受到了天外不速之客的威胁——一块燃烧的陨石拖着长长的火球,坠落在乌拉尔山脉东麓的车里雅宾斯克州萨特卡市附近。美国媒体报道称,它在空中爆炸的威力为广岛原子弹的30倍。陨石爆炸产生的冲击波到达地面后,击碎了无数居民家里的玻璃,导致当地近1200人受伤。比这更让人焦心的是,这一次太空“流浪汉”的袭击居然毫无征兆,人类更无预警。

②人们不禁要问,这些太空“流浪汉”是从哪里来的?它们大部分可能来自位于火星与木星之间的小行星带,受到火星、木星的影响,它们自身的轨道会渐渐产生偏离,日积月累就可能闯入地球的一亩三分地。当然,这也可能是慧星带给地球的礼物。每当慧星靠近太阳时,便会抛洒出很多流星体。受到其它天体引力的影响,它们会慢慢扩散开来,在慧星轨道上形成一条尘埃带。而当地球穿过这条尘埃带时,这些流星体便会落入地球的怀抱中。此外,一些陨石还可能是近邻的“火星人”或“月球人”。当大型的陨石与火星或月球发生剧烈撞击时,火星或月球的碎片将被溅射到太空,最终被抛向地球。那么,此次撞击俄罗斯的这块陨石到底从哪里来?据初步判断,它从太阳的方向飞来。

③如今我们拥有各种高科技,天文设备也日益精准,那么,对于太空“流浪汉”的袭击事故,为何没有提前预报?北京天文馆馆长朱进认为,其中的主要原因还是因为它太小了,所以没有足够的精度来探测。朱进表示,小行星来袭的预报与所处轨道、季节等因素有关,也跟这颗小行星是否从太阳方向飞来有关。“太阳出来,它也跟着出来,太阳下山,它也跟着下山,我们观测不到它。”

④据美国“近地小行星追踪计划”的天文学家估计,有可能撞击地球并带来灾害的近地小天体总数大约700颗。它们四处闲逛,说不定其中的哪一个外太空“流浪汉”就会心血来潮造访地球,一旦真的闯进家门,可能是人类难以承受的灾害。

⑤那么,太空“流浪汉’如何防?俄罗斯科学院天文研究所首席研究员亚历山大·巴格罗夫在接受“俄罗斯之声”采访时称,向太空发射小型望远镜是使地球免受陨石撞击的唯一办法。而对近地小天体进行监控之后,对于那些可能袭击地球并伤害人类的天体还需进一步采取措施。虽然目前的技术还达不到,但是科学家认为将来最有希望用激光技术阻击袭击地球的陨星。为此,美国加州大学研究人员菲利普·鲁宾提出开发“太阳能定向阻击小行星”系统的构想。该系统的原理是把太阳能转化为激光束,用于改变冲向地球的小行星或营星的运行轨迹,对于那些可能很快就会冲向地面的流星,则用激光束直接用蒸发的方式将之摧毁。

小题1:陨石袭击俄罗斯引起了人们的哪些疑问?(3分)

                                                                                    

小题2:本文以“太空‘流浪汉”’为标题有何好处?(3分)

                                                                                    

小题3:请用自己的话概括选文第①段中加点的“这”指的是什么?(3分)

                                                                                    

小题4:本文的语言既准确严密,又生动形象。请你任选其中一个特点举例分析。(4分)

                                                                                    

小题5:阅读下面材料,联系选文相关内容,写出你的探究结果。(4分)

材料一:流星是太空中的“流浪汉”,大多居无定所,出入难料,甚至可能已经到了你面前你还浑然不知,因此它们往往会对飞船和航天员造成伤害。

材料二: 1908年 6月对日,一颗陨石撞击了西伯利亚的通古斯地区,爆炸的能量相当于1000倍广岛原子弹爆炸,广袤原野里超过1250平方公里内的6000万棵树被焚毁。

                                                                                    

                                                                                    

阅读理解

When I was eight, I saw a movie about an island that had an erupting volcano and jungles filled with wild animals.The island was ruled by a beautiful woman called Tondalaya, the Fire Goddess of the Volcano.It was a low budget movie, but to me, it represented the perfect life.But through the years, Tondalaya was forgotten.

The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end.My house, furniture and everything I'd owned was sold to pay debts that I didn't even know existed.In a week I had lost my husband, my home and my parents who had refused to accept a divorce in the family.

I'd lost everything except my four teenage children.I used every penny I had to buy five plane tickets from Missouri to Hawaii.Everyone said I was crazy to think I could just run off to an island and survive.I was afraid they were right.

I worked 18 hours a day and lost 30 pounds because I lived on one meal a day.One night as I walked alone on the beach, I saw the red orange lava(火山岩) pouring out of Kilauea Volcano in the distance.It was time to live my imagination!

The next day, I quit my job, bought some art supplies and began doing what I loved.I hadn't painted a picture in 15 years.I wondered if 1 could still paint.My hands trembled the first time I picked up a brush.But after an hour had passed, I was lost in the colors spreading across the canvas(画布) in front of me.And as soon as I started believing in myself, other people started believing in me, too.The first painting sold for $ 1500.

The past six years have been filled with adventures.My children and I have gone swimming with dolphins, watched whales and hiked around the crater rim (火山口边缘) of the volcano.We wake up every morning with the ocean in front of us and the volcano behind us.

The dream I had more than 40 years ago is now reality.I'm living freely and happily ever after.

小题1:Why did the writer go to Hawaii?

A.To make a living.

B.To spend her holiday.

C.To free herself from trouble.

D.To realize her childhood dream.小题2:Which of the following is the writer's dream?

A.Get close to wildlife.

B.Live a free and happy life.

C.Live in nature with animals.

D.Become a successful painter.小题3:We can infer from the passage that _____.

A.the writer had never done painting before

B.the writer's parents encouraged her to divorce

C.the writer's husband took away most of her money

D.the writer wasn't sure whether she could survive in Hawaii at first