问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成小题。(18分)

听雨的奢侈

林如求

近日夜雨,雨水顺着防盗网上的铁皮一层淌下一层,响声随着雨势,时骤时疏,时轻时重,朦胧中陡生一种静谧、和谐、悠远的美妙情感。

就像“今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人”一样,古时的雨与今时的雨自然无太大的区别,今时的雨点拍打树叶、细润花草、敲击河滩、筛落水面的声音与古时也决无二致,所不同的只是对雨声的感受会因人因时因境因情而异。例如,同样是春雨,忧国忧民的诗人杜甫高兴放声高歌:“好雨知时节,当春乃发生。随风潜入夜,润物细无声。”而晚唐的李建勋对春雨的感受就要复杂得多:“春霖未免妨游赏,唯到诗家自有情……闲忆昔年为客处,闷留山馆阻行行。”春雨所引发的是诗人对过往岁月的一种深情的怀念和咀嚼。南宋词人蒋捷写的那首《虞美人·听雨》,对雨从感怀到慨叹,更是把人生的悲凉况味传递至今,简直痛入心髓。

我没有经历过历史上山河破碎、家破人亡那样凄风苦雨的日子,自然也就没有如古人那般“秋来叶上无情雨,白了人头是此声”,对雨声会那么地百感交集和痛彻心髓,可在物质生活匮乏和丰裕时的感受却迥然不同。

回想小时住在乡下,最恼的就是雨天。雷鸣电闪风狂雨骤,令我惶恐万分。因此,每逢雷雨夜,我常龟缩在被窝里,以幼稚的心灵感受大自然的神经,带着惊恐惶惑,迷迷糊糊地进入梦乡。即令是和风细雨,我也不太喜欢。因为我家离学校有好长一段路程。那时,家里穷,没有雨伞,只有一个锅盖大的大竹笠,以它遮阳尚可,遮雨则只遮个头脸,衣裤难免要淋湿。冬春时节,没有雨鞋的我雨天赤脚踩在凉冰冰的地上,更难受!所以那时夜半听到嗒嗒的雨声,在我绝不是一首抒情诗,它带给我的是一种湿漉漉的难受和一层苦涩涩的无奈。

长大以后,我读了许多书,特别是参加工作后,生活渐渐好起来,渐渐也喜欢起雨来了,不仅喜欢和风细雨,而且更喜欢狂风骤雨。因为此时在我看来,只有雨,没有风,没有雷电,也就缺乏了震撼心灵的力度。别的无庸费言,在中国文学史上,要是只有狂风骤雨,而无雷鸣电闪,恐怕屈原就写不出那奇谲瑰丽的杰作《天问》。正是大自然的雷电风雨触动了大诗人心灵深处的怨屈、激愤、忧虑、沉痛、苦闷、彷徨、坚贞、无畏……才有了这篇流传千古的杰作。由此我也悟出了后世许多大文学家如莎士比亚、巴金、曹禺等所以喜欢写雷写电写风写雨的真谛。

身居闹市多年,已经难得再见山村那种雷鸣电闪的豪雨,除了台风登陆,也少见那种狂风拔树的骤雨和暴雨;水泥屋顶也使夜雨没了那种“嘈嘈切切错杂弹,大珠小珠落玉盘”的韵致。因此每逢下雨,我常因此生出一种遗憾。但我还是喜欢雨,不论是“细声巧作蝇触纸”,还是“大声铿若山落泉”,自是一种难逢的天籁。宁心静气地倾听那淅沥的雨声,对当今污染严重,整日笼罩在电视卡拉OK歌声和汽车摩托喧嚣声中的城市人来说,不啻是一种休息,一种调节,一种陶冶,一种享受。那雨声是大自然与你的絮语,它轻轻地搓揉着你的心,消去你因忙忙碌碌争名夺利而生的郁闷和烦乱、疲惫和冷漠,唤醒你回归大自然的亲情,找回你那颗失落的平常心,带给你一份平和的心态,让你变得更加青春妩媚、安详可人,从此迈向生命的圆满。因此,每当久晴不雨时,我就特别盼望着下雨。这时,不论是在白天还是在夜晚,听到那呼呼的风声,就好像在倾听大幕揭开的前奏;听到那嗒嗒的雨声,仿佛是在欣赏一首大自然的赞美诗;而此时的闪电犹如闪烁变幻的舞台灯光,隆隆的雷声自然就是高亢激越的黄钟大吕了……

如是,我把听雨说成是一场难得的奢侈,你也就不会觉得无稽和过分了吧。

小题1:联系全文,简要概括作者不同时期不同境况下听雨的感受。(6分)

小题2:从全文看,作者举杜甫、李建勋、蒋捷的例子,在内容和结构上分别起了什么作用?(4分)

小题3:作者为什么把听雨说成是“一场难得的奢侈”?(4分)

小题4:正如作者眼中的“听雨”一样,很多曾经熟悉、温暖的往事在身居闹市的现代人眼中都成了“难得的奢侈”,试举一例谈谈你的感受。(4分)

答案

小题1:(1)小时候(或物质生活匮乏时),雨是一种湿漉漉的难受和一层苫涩的无奈。

(2)长大后(或物质生活丰裕时),听雨是一种心灵的震撼。

(3)如今,身居闹市,听雨是一种休息,一种调节,一种陶冶,一种享受。(如答“如今听雨陡生一种静谧、和谐、悠远的情感”亦可)(每条2分)

小题1:内容上,(1)强调对雨声的感受会因境因情而异;(2)丰富了雨(或雨声)的文化内涵。结构上,(1)宕开一笔,使文章摇曳多姿;(2)引出下文“我”对雨的好恶,为写对雨的不同感受作铺垫。

小题1:客观上,身居闹市,难得再见山村那种雷鸣电闪的豪雨;水泥屋顶使雨声少了美的韵致。主观上,城市的污染和喧嚣,使人们郁闷烦乱,疲惫冷漠,少了平和安详、回归自然的心境(或答“使人们很难宁心静气地倾听雨声”也可)。

小题1:略

小题1:本题考查考生“欣赏作品的形象”的能力,在文本中“形象”是指“听雨”时的情景及感受。将历次“听雨”所得出的不同感受找出,同时品味蕴涵其中的作者的情感,这样就能把握实质。

小题1:作者举杜甫、李建勋、蒋捷的例子的作用可以注意题干中的“在内容和结构上”两个角度,内容、结构各占2分。

小题1:作者为什么把听雨说成是“一场难得的奢侈”,可从主观和客观两个角度答题,主观上是心境,客观上是雨,主、客观各占2分,意思对即可

小题1:回答是要注意“很多曾经熟悉、温暖的往事在身居闹市的现代人眼中都成了“难得的奢侈””,再举出一例即可,举例得当、感受深刻即可得4分,否则酌情扣分。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door,

was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.

     However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a

drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and

then asked,"how much do I own you?"

     "You don't owe me anything," she replied."Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart." With these

words, Howard Kelly left that house.

     Year later the woman became badly ill and as finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly,

now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor's clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he

gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.

     At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked

at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because

she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side

of the bill caught her attention. She read these words:

     "Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly."

     Tear of joy flooded her eyes.

1. The boy sent newspaper door to door in order to _______.

A. continue his schooling

B. become a famous doctor

C. thank the woman for her kindness

D. support his poor family

2. Which is true about the boy and the woman?

A. He became too shy to ask her for a drink of water.

B. She thought he was not hungry but thirsty.

C. She wanted him to pay for the glass of milk.

D. She never thought he would save her life later.

3. After Dr. Kelly knew who the woman was, he _______.

A. began to take good care of her himself.

B. told her she once gave him a glass of milk

C. made up his mind to try his best to save her.

D. asked for her bill and paid it off at once.

4. The best title for this passage is _______.

A. A Warm-hearted Woman

B. A Glass of Milk

C. The Final Bill

D. A Famous Doctor

论述题