问题 单项选择题

下列不属于药物副作用的叙述是()

A.为治疗剂量时所产生的药物反应

B.为与治疗目的有关的药物反应

C.为不太严重的药物反应

D.为药物作用选择性低时所产生的反应

E.为一种难以避免的药物反应.

答案

参考答案:B

解析:此题是理解判断题,考查考生对药物副作用的理解。首先必须明确药物副作用的定义。副作用是药物在治疗剂量下所产生的,与治疗目的无关的药物反应,这种反应一般并不严重,由于药物副作用常可随着治疗目的改变而变化,因此副作用常难以避免,其产生原因是由于药物作用的选择性低所致。如阿托品用于治疗由于胃肠平滑肌痉挛所致腹疼时,治疗作用是其发挥了胃肠平滑肌解痉作用,而此时阿托品所具有的另一作用,即其抑制腺体分泌作用所致的口干就成为了药物的副作用;相反,当阿托品在麻醉前使用时,其抑制呼吸道腺体和唾液腺分泌作用便成为了药物的治疗作用,而其平滑肌解痉作用所致的便秘、腹胀等反应就变成了药物的副作用。

单项选择题

Questions from 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: Generally, cargo is carried in containers, but sometimes it is still shipped as breakbulk cargo. During the voyage, goods may be stacked on top of or come into violent contact with other goods. And the cargo might be dragged, pushed, rolled, or dropped during unloading, while moving through customs, or in transit to the final destination.Moisture is a constant concern because condensation may develop in the hold of a ship even if it is equipped with air conditioning and a dehumidifier(除湿机). Another aspect of this problem is that cargo may also be unloaded in precipitation, or the foreign port may not have covered storage facilities. Buyers are often familiar with the port systems overseas, so they will often specify packaging requirements. If the buyer does not specify this, be sure the goods are prepared using these guidelines:Pack in p containers, adequately sealed and filled when possible.To provide proper bracing in the container, regardless of size, make sure the weight is evenly distributed.Goods should be palletized when possible containerized.Packages and packing filler should be made of moisture-resistant material.To avoid pilferage, avoid writing contents or brand names on packages. Other safeguards include using straps, seals, and shrink wrapping.Observe any product-specific hazardous materials packing requirements.Normally, air shipments require less heavy packing than ocean shipments, though they should still be adequately protected, especially if they are highly pilferable.Finally, because transportation costs are determined by volume and weight, specially reinforced and lightweight packing materials have been developed for exporting. Packing goods to minimize volume and weight while reinforcing them may save money, as well as ensure that the goods are properly packed.

Moisture has long been the concern in export business, of which the reasons are stated except().

A.human-caused factors

B.unloading in precipitation

C.condensation in the ship’s hold

D.poor storage facilities

单项选择题