问题 单项选择题

质量控制非常重要,但是进行质量控制也需要—定的成本, (2) 可以降低质量控制的成本。

A.进行过程分析

B.使用抽样统计

C.对全程进行监督

D.进行质量审计

答案

参考答案:B

解析:
项目质量控制的主要工具和技术有直方图、控制表、因果图、排列图和趋势分析,以及检验、统计分析等方法。前5种方法都是分析方法,而后两种则是经常采用的质量控制手段。
抽样统计包括抽取总体中的一个部分进行检验(例如,从一份包括75个源程序的清单中随机抽取10个)。适当的抽样调查往往能降低质量控制成本。
检验包括测量、检查和测试等活动,目的是确定项目成果是否与要求相一致。检验可以在任何管理层次中开展(例如,一个单项活动的结果和整个项目的最后成果都可以检验)。检验有各种名称,如复查、产品复查、审查,以及评审等。
控制表是根据时间推移对程序运行结果的一种图表展示。常用于判断程序是否在控制中进行(例如,程序运行结果中的差异是否因随机变量所产生,是否必须对突发事件的原因查清并纠正等)。当一个程序在控制之中时,不应对它进行凋整。这个程序可能为了得到改进而有所变动,但只要它在控制范围之中,就不应人为地去调整它。控制表可以用来监控各种类型的变量的输出。尽管控制表常被用于跟踪重复性的活动,诸如生产事务,它还可以用于监控成本和进度的变动、容量和范围变化的频率,项目文件中的错误,或者其他管理结果,以便判断项目管理程序是否在控制之中。
排列图是一种直方图,由事件发生的频率组织而成,用以显示多少成果是产生于已确定的各种类型的原因的。等级序列是用来指导纠错行动的,项目小组应首先采取措施去解决导致最多缺陷的问题。
因果图又称Ishikawa图、因果分析图、石川图或鱼骨图,用于说明各种直接原因和间接原因与所产生的潜在问题和影响之间的关系。因果图法是全球广泛采用的一项技术。该技术首先确定结果(质量问题),然后分析造成这种结果的原因。每个分支都代表着可能的差错原因,用于查明质量问题可能所在和设立相应检验点。它可以帮助项目班子事先估计可能会发生哪些质量问题,然后,帮助制定解决这些问题的途径和方法。

问答题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     We are so used to having a cup of tea before heading off to work, during work or after getting back

from work. Tea breaks are more like a custom that takes place regularly several times a day. This tea break

tradition has been happening during the past 200 years or so. Tea just happens to be a wonderful drink for

most of us. The day simply feels incomplete without a hot cup of tea. However, is tea good for you?

     In 2006, the papers were flooded with the news of research showing that drinking 2-3 cups of tea a day

is as beneficial as drinking water, with even some additional health benefits. Another report published in

November 2009, stated that drinking up to eight cups of tea a day is good for you. The research conducted

by nutrition expert Dr. Carrie Ruxton, debunked (揭示…的真相) the popular stories about caffeinated (含咖

啡因的) drinks like tea, coffee and cocoa. According to Dr. Ruxton, the caffeine present in tea tends to lower

the risk of heart attacks and strokes. She says that drinking 8 cups of tea a day gives the drinkers "the best

levels of health-giving substances" present in tea and other caffeinated drinks.

     Contrary to popular belief that tea does not contain more caffeine than coffee, it actually contains almost

half the amount. Caffeine is a natural thing found in many types of food and drink. It's also something that

can give you a much needed lift for a demanding and tiring afternoon ahead. Research shows that proper

amounts of caffeine are safe for most people.

     So why not take full advantage of your tea breaks at work, or make time for afternoon tea while out

shopping at the weekend? And remember that tea is not just a great drink, but it helps to keep you looking and

feeling healthy.

1. What is mainly talked about in the first paragraph? [ ]

A. The types of tea.

B. The tea custom.

C. How to drink tea.

D. When to drink tea.

2. Reports in the newspapers show that ____. [ ]

A. drinking tea is a healthy habit

B. new ways of drinking tea appear

C. drinking tea is harmful to health

D. people don't like to drink tea any more

3. Caffeine in tea ____.[ ]

A. can make you energetic

B. gives you a good rest

C. may cause heart attacks

D. is more than that in coffee

4. What would be the best title for the passage? [ ]

A. Tea and disease

B. Tea-a healthy drink

C. Tea, coffee and cocoa

D. Drink tea or coffee