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问题 单项选择题

以下哪项不是引起牙髓活力电测试假阳性的原因（）。

A.探头或电极接触了大面积的金属修复体或者牙龈

B.外伤不久的患牙

C.未充分隔湿或者干燥受试牙

D.液化性坏死的牙髓

E.患者过度紧张和焦虑

答案

参考答案：B

解析：刚受过外伤的牙可能对电刺激无反应。故外伤牙不能依靠电活力测试判断外伤时患牙的活力情况，但复诊时牙’髓活力有无变化可帮助判断牙髓的恢复情况。

单项选择题

Modern industrial society grants little status to old people. In fact, such a society has a system of built-in obsolescence. There is no formal system for continuing our education throughout our life in order to keep up with rapidly changing knowledge. When our education and job skills have grown obsolete, we are treated exactly like those who have never gained an education or job skills and are not encouraged or given the opportunity to begin anew.As a society becomes more highly developed, the overall status of older people diminishes. Improved health technology creates a large pool of old people, who compete for jobs with the young. However, economic technology lowers the demand for workers and creates new jobs for which the skills of the aged are obsolete, forcing older people into retirement. At the same time, young people are being educated in the new technology and are keeping pace with rapid changes in knowledge. Finally, urbanization creates age-segregated neighborhoods. Because the old live on fixed incomes, they must often live in inferior housing. All these factors — retirement, obsolete knowledge and skills, inferior standards of living — lower the status of the aged in society.A century ago, when one could expect to live only to 50 or so, the life span more or less coincided with the occupation and family cycle. But today the average life span allows for fifteen to twenty years of life after these cycles. It appears that our life span is outpacing our usefulness in society.

By "a system of built-in obsolescence" the author means________.

A．no formal systems exist in modern industrial society

B．old people have no status in modern industrial society

C．young people have chances in modern industrial society

D．knowledge changes rapidly in modern industrial society
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