问题 问答题

试分述放射性皮肤早、晚期反应的表现及预防和治疗

答案

参考答案:

1.早期反应:钴-60或高能X线照射的表皮量低,只出现色素沉着、毛囊扩张、脱发等放射性干性皮肤反应。常规X线或电子线照射的反应较重,剂量在30-40Gy左右即可出现湿性皮肤反应(表皮浮起、水泡、溃破)。湿性反应时应停止放疗,保持射野内皮肤干燥洁净,外用抗炎药物以预防合并感染,忌用酒精、碘酒、红汞、胶布、膏药等,轻者7-10天,重者2-3周可完全愈合,但可能留有瘢痕。2.晚期反应:皮肤及皮下组织的改变因放射物理条件,照射面积、时间剂量及个体差异等因素不同,并发症的程度亦各异。皮肤及皮下组织的并发症出现较晚,表现为照射区皮肤,特别是皮下组织,甚至肌肉的纤维化,挛缩,进而缺血、坏死.可引起放射性溃疡,但少见。如果发生,则治疗非常困难。因此,重要的在于预防;要选择合适的放射线,正确掌握时间剂量因素,照射范围要适当,及时调整照射野,避免照射野重叠形成超量区。注意保护照射区的皮肤,避免外伤及刺激。对有过皮肤湿性反应并已形成放射花斑样瘢痕者要注意保护,避免一切理化刺激,一已有溃破应给予局部清洁、抗炎,增加营养。若保守治疗无效,可进行清创后加皮瓣移植手术。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Science has told us too much about the moon that it is fairly easy to imagine what it would be like to get there. It is certainly not a friendly place. Since there is no air or water, there can be no life of any kind. There is not much variety of scenery either. For mile after mile there are only flat plains of dust with mountains around them. Above, the sun and stars shine in the black sky. If you step out of the mountain shadow, it means moving from the severe cold into intense (强烈的) heat. These extreme temperatures continually break rocks away from the surface of the mountains. The moon is also a very silent world, for sound waves can only travel through air. But beyond the broken horizon, you see a friendly sight. Our earth is shining more brightly than the stars. From this distance, it looks like an immense (巨大的) blue, green and brown ball.

小题1:The moon is an unfriendly place because                   .

A.there is no air, no water, no life, no scenery

B.the sun and stars shine in the sky

C.temperature breaks rock away

D.all of the above小题2:Without           , the moon is a silent world.

A.man

B.air

C.sound

D.water小题3:According to the passage we know that             .

A.the earth looks like a colored ball

B.we can enjoy the scenery on the moon

C.every inch of the moon is very hot

D.the extreme temperature breaks rocks away from the surface of mountains小题4:We can conclude(断定) that “continually” means          .

A.sometimes

B.always

C.without break

D.frequently小题5:The best title for the passage is                        .

A.An Unfriendly and Friendly Place

B.The Geography of the Moon

C.Moon, a Silent World

D.The Moon