口服剂型在胃肠道中吸收快慢的顺序一般认为是（）
A.混悬剂>溶液剂>胶囊剂>片剂>包衣片
B.胶囊剂>混悬剂>溶液剂>片剂>包衣片
C.片剂>包衣片>胶囊剂>混悬剂>溶液剂
D.溶液剂>混悬剂>胶囊剂>片剂>包衣片
E.包衣片>片剂>胶囊剂>混悬剂>溶液剂
参考答案：D
解析：口服药物剂型在胃肠道中通过胃肠道黏膜吸收，进入体循环。药物要在胃肠道吸收，必须首先从制剂中释放出来。其释放的快慢就决定了药物吸收的快慢。一般口服溶液剂不存在药物释放问题，其他剂型如乳剂、混悬剂是液体制剂，虽然存在释放问题，但由于分散度大，仍会很快释放药物。在固体剂型中，胶囊剂较常用，它的外壳为明胶外壳，崩解后相当于散剂分散程度。片剂和包衣片比较，片剂溶出相对较快，而包衣片则需在衣层溶解后才能释放药物。一般而言，释放药物快，吸收也快。所以口服剂型在胃肠道吸收顺序为溶液剂>混悬剂>胶囊剂>片剂>包衣片。
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.
The task of predicting the weather that will be observed at a future time is called weather forecasting. As one of the primary objectives of the science of meteorology, weather forecasting has depended critically on the scientific and technological advances in meteorology that have taken place since the latter half of the 19th century. 小题2: Throughout most of history, forecasting efforts at any given site depended solely on observations that could be made at the site. With the development of the telegraph in the mid-1800s, weather forecasters were able to obtain observations from many distant locations within a few hours of the collection of such data. Weather forecasting was revolutionized in the 1920s by the work of a group of Norwegian scientists. This group provided a consistent and empirically based description of atmospheric circulation systems. Current weather-forecasting techniques were initiated by the theoretical work of American meteorologist Jule Charney in developing numerical weather prediction. Experimental numerical forecasts in 1950 proved so fruitful that they were soon adopted on a practical basis. Since then, computerized systems based on numerical models have become a central part of weather forecasting. 小题3: The process of making a weather forecast can be separated into three steps: observation and analysis, extrapolation to find the future state of the atmosphere, and prediction of particular variables. The standard extrapolation technique is to assume that weather features will continue to move as they have been moving. In some cases the third step simply consists of noting the results of extrapolation, but actual prediction usually involves considerable efforts beyond this. 小题4: Great attention is paid to weather forecasts during times of severe events (blizzard, hurricane and typhoon, tornado), and so forth. Accordingly, the National Weather Service (NWS) commits significant resources to the forecast of such events. Blizzards or strong extra-tropical cycles are handled through the usual forecast information channels, with the local NWS office issuing special advisories as appropriate. 小题5: A number of new observing systems are being developed for forecasting purposes. These include the Next-Generation Radar digital weather radar, which is intended to detect motions towards or away from the radar installation. In addition, automated systems are being developed for taking observations at surface stations and on board buoys, ships, and aircraft. The communications, processing, and display systems intended to govern this torrent of further data are still being elaborated. |