问题 实验题

(1)甲同学想在家里做用单摆测定重力加速度的实验,但没有合适的摆球,他找到了一块大小为3cm左右,外形不规则的大理石块代替小球。他设计的实验步骤是:

A.将石块用细线系好,结点为M,将细线的上端固定于O点(如图所示)

B.用刻度尺测量OM间细线的长度l作为摆长

C.将石块拉开一个大约α=30°的角度,然后由静止释放

D.从摆球摆到最高点时开始计时,测出30次全振动的总时间t,,由T=t/30得出周期。则该同学以上实验步骤中有错误的是_______ ________。

若该同学用OM的长作为摆长,这样做引起的系统误差将使重力加速度的测量值比真实值_ ____ ___ (偏大或偏小)。

如果该同学改正了错误,改变OM间细线的长度做了2次实验,记下每次相应的线长度l1、l2和周期T1、T2,则由上述四个量得到重力加速度g的表达式是            

(2)乙同学做了另一实验:细绳的一端在外力作用下从t=0时刻开始做简谐振动,激发出一列简谐横波。在细绳上选取15个点,图1为t=0时刻各点所处的位置,图2为t=T/4时刻的波形图(T为波的周期)。在图3中画出t=3T/4时刻的波形图。

答案

(1)  BCD,        偏小,       (2)

(1)略,由,摆长l偏小,重力加速度g偏小,设球的半径为R,则联立后可求出R和g(2)

阅读理解

Once there was a huge apple tree. A little boy loved to come and play around it every day. He loved the tree and the tree loved to play with him.

Time went by --- the little boy had grown up and he no longer played around the tree every day. One day, the boy came back to the tree and he looked sad. “Come and play with me,” the tree asked the boy. “I’m no longer a kid. I wouldn’t play around the tree any more.” the boy replied. “I want toys. I need money to buy them.” “Sorry, I don’t have money. But you can pick all my apples and sell them. So, you will have money.” The boy picked all the apples on the tree and left happily. The boy never came back after he picked the apples.

One day, the boy returned and the tree was so excited, “Come and play with me,” the tree said. “I don’t have time to play. I have to work for my family. We need a house for shelter. Can you help?” “Sorry, I don’t have a house. But you can cut off my branches to build your house.” So the boy cut all the branches off the tree and left happily. The tree was glad to see him happy but the boy never came back since then. The tree was again lonely and sad.

One hot summer day, the boy returned and the tree was pleased. “Come and play with me!” the tree said. “I am sad and getting old. I want to go sailing to relax myself. Can you give me a boat?” “Use my trunk to build your boat. You can sail far away and be happy.” So the boy cut the tree trunk to make a boat. He went sailing and never showed up for a long time.

     

Finally, the boy returned after he left for so many years. “Sorry, my boy. But I don’t have anything for you any more. The only thing left is my dying root,” the tree said with tears ①

“Good! Old tree root is the best place to lean on and rest. Come and sit down with me and rest.” The boy sat down and the tree was glad and smiled with tears ② ----

小题1:---Why did the boy pick all the apples on the tree?

----Because __________.

A.he wanted to eat them

B.he needed money to buy toys

C.he liked the tree without apples

D.he wanted to share them with friends.小题2:----When did the boy come back to the apple tree?

----He came back _________.

A.whenever he was happy

B.if he missed the apple tree

C.when he was in times of difficulty

D.as soon as he was free小题3:----What did the boy want at last?

----He wanted ___________.

A.to have a house to live in

B.nothing except a place to rest

C.the root of the apple tree

D.anything that the apple tree had小题4:----What can we learn from the story?

----We should _________.

A.plant more apple trees

B.learn from the boy

C.always stay at home

D.be thankful to our parents小题5:According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.The phrase “with tears ①” means that the apple tree was sad because the boy asked for too much.

B.The phrase “with tears ②” means that the apple tree was still happy because she could help the boy for the last time.

C.Each time the boy asked the apple tree for help, the tree tried her best to satisfy him.

D.After reading the passage, we can easily think of the old Chinese saying “Parents’ love is universal!”

选择题