问题 问答题 简答题

传统存储程序计算机体系结构存在的主要问题及改进方法有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

(1)I/O处理能力

存储程序计算机以运算器为中心、所有部件的操作都由控制器集中控制,这一特点带来了慢速输入输出操作占用快速运算器的矛盾。为了克服这一缺点,人们先后提出各种输入/输出方式。

(2)存储器空间

把指令和数据放在同一存储器中有优缺点。现在绝大多数计算机都规定:在执行过程中不准修改程序。

(3)存储器组织结构

按地址访问的存储器具有结构简单、价格便宜、存取速度快等优点。但是在数据处理时,往往要求查找具有某种内容特点的信息。但由于访问存储器的次数较多而影响计算机系统的性能。

采用了通用寄存器的概念、设置高速缓冲存储器Cache、构成了以相联存储器为核心的相联处理机。

(4)并行处理技术

传统的存储程序计算机解题算法是顺序型的,即使问题本身可以并行处理,由于程序的执行受程序计数器控制,故只能是串行、顺序地执行。

改进CPU的组成;在体系结构上使本来可以并行计算的题目能并行计算;多机并行处理系统。

(5)指令集的发展

计算机系统指令的种类愈来愈多,这种计算机称为复杂指令集计算机CISC。日趋庞杂的指令集不但不容易实现,而且还可能降低计算机系统的性能。

完形填空

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白出的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余选项。

Children have gentle minds. To find the best way to teach children to share and care is easy. Kids are naturally attracted to animals.   71   Also we can show them the cow eating grass on a farm.

Making them have a look at the animals that are dying out and rare pictures from newspapers is another exciting way to make them love animals. The effects of pollution are difficult for them to understand.     72   There are great pictures of animals like cute rabbits and gorillas.

73    Tell them they are our friends, so we can’t hurt them.Take them to the conservation park and show them a monkey or a rare bird. Show them the types of penguins. Teach your children that animals can feel pain but cannot express themselves like us.    74    If you have pets at home, let them accompany your children deal with them well.

One could call an ambulance for injured dogs or nurse a sick animal back to health. Taking a nature walk is liked by kids and also the best way to get along with the family. Kids love to see some newborn dogs and the mother nursing them.     75     .

A.otions are well understood by children and they may have the same feeling.

B.ildren all like small animals, but they don’t consider them as their friends.

C.ach them never to throw stones to hit animals.

D.is can make children know how to care others.E.e could teach them to be kind to ants and show them how they carry food to save for the rainy day.

F.rents should protect the environment first.

G.erefore one could tell them that the environment should be(kept ) clean.

单项选择题