人生在平淡中寻找幸福，在细微中品味幸福，在孤独中守望幸福，在遗忘中怀念幸福。幸福的生活需要哲学的指引，这是因为（ ）
A．哲学是一门使人聪明给人智慧的一门科学
B．哲学决定生活
C．哲学是指导人人们生活得更好的艺术
D．真正的哲学就是生活本身
答案：C
本题考查生活需要哲学的原因。哲学并不等同于科学，A项中的“科学”应为“学问”。哲学是哲学家把世界观理论化系统化的思想体系，但不一定是对自己实践活动的科学总结，B项错误。哲学也不等于生活，D项错误。根据材料中的关键信息“生活需要哲学”可知正确答案为C项。
| Some pioneering work that began as an attempt to discover ways to increase production efficiency led to the founding of the human relations movement in industry and to the development of motivational skills and tools for managers. In 1927 researchers were involved in determining the optimum amount of lighting, temperature, and humidity (with lighting being considered the most important) for the assembly of electronic components at Western Electric. The researchers found that lighting had no consistent effect on production. In fact, production sometimes increased when lighting was reduced to the level of ordinary moonlight! The important part of this experiment began when two Harvard researchers, Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger, were brought in to investigate these unexpected results further. They found that workers were responding not to the level of lighting but to the fact that they were being observed by the experimenters. This phenomenon came to be known as the Hawthorne effect since the experiments were conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Plant. This was the first documented and widely published evidence of the psychological effects on doing work, and it led to the first serious effort aimed at examining psychological and social factors in the workplace. Further experiments were continued for five years. Generally, the researchers concluded from their experiments that economic motivation (pay) was not the sole source of productivity and, in some cases, not even the most important source. Through interviews and test results, the researchers focused on the effects of work attitudes, supervision, and the peer group and other social forces, on productivity. Their findings laid the groundwork for modem motivation theory, and the study of human factors on the job, which continues to this day in such common practices as selection and training, establishing favorable work conditions, counseling, and personnel operations. The contributions of this experiment shifted the focus of human motivation from economics to a multifaceted approach including psychological and social forces. |
The research became known as the "Hawthorne effect" because
A．it was the name of the plant where the study was conducted
B．it was the name suggested by the Harvard researchers
C．it was the name of the principal experimenter
D．There were Hawthorne plants growing at Western Electric where the study was conducted