问题 单项选择题

患者男性,20岁,腰痛。低热已3个月,活动时腰痛加重,检查:腰椎生理弯曲消失,后凸畸形不明显,但椎旁肌紧张,有压痛及叩痛,拾物试验阳性。体温38℃,血白细胞数9×10/L,中性多核70%,血沉30mm/1小时。X线片见L4、5椎体骨小梁模糊,椎间隙狭窄,腰大肌阴影无增宽现象。该患者应选择哪一种最合适的治疗方法()

A.骨盆牵引

B.抗痨药物+卧硬板床休息

C.硬膜外封闭

D.推拿按摩

E.理疗

答案

参考答案:B

阅读理解

阅读理解

     The two things-snow and mountains-which are needed for a ski area are the two things that cause

avalanches(雪崩), large mass of snow and ice crushing down the side of a mountain-often called "White

Death."

     It was the threat of the avalanche and its record as a killer of man in the western mountains that created the snow ranger. He first started on avalanche control work in the winter of 193738 at Alta, Utah, in

Wasatch National Forest.

     This mountain valley was becoming well known to skiers. It was dangerous. In fact, more than 120

persons had lost their lives in 1936 and another 200 died in 1937 as a result of avalanches before it

became a major ski area. Thus, development of Alta and other major ski resorts in the west was

dependent upon controlling the avalanche. The Forest Service set out to do it, and did, with its corps(团队)of snow rangers.

     It takes many things to make a snow ranger. The snow ranger must be in excellent physical condition.

He must be a good skier and a skilled mountain climber. He should have at least a high school education,

and the more college courses in geology, physics, and related fields he has, the better.

     He studies snow, terrain, wind, and weather. He learns the conditions that produce avalanches. He

learns to forecast avalanches and to bring them roaring on down the mountainsides to reduce their killing

strength. The snow ranger learns to do this by using artillery(炮), by blasting with TNT, and by the difficult and skillful art of skiing avalanches down.

     The snow ranger, dressed in a green parka which has a bright yellow shoulder patch, means safety for people on ski slopes. He pulls the trigger(扳机) on a 75 mm. Recoilless rifle(无后坐力步枪), skis waist

deep in powder testing snow stability, or talks with the ski area's operator as he goes about his work to

protect the public from the hazards(危险)of deep snow on steep mountain slopes.

1. A snow ranger himself must be ________.

A. a college graduate

B. a physicist

C. a geologist

D. a mountaineer

2. A snow ranger uses very powerful guns________.

A. to warn skiers of an approaching avalanche

B. to signal for help in an emergency

C. to create an avalanche

D. to communicate with the ski area's operator

3. The primary duty of the snow ranger is ________.

A. to make sure ski area's operators are following safety rules

B. to predict and control avalanches in mountainous areas

C. to check skis and repair them

D. to forecast the weather

4. The passage implies that a snow ranger ________.

A .knows how to use a pistol

B. must write lengthy reports on his work

C. may travel many miles when he is on duty

D.has a long working day

单项选择题

Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.

Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.

Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaff’irms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated.

Social control refers to processes by which ().

A. norms are developed

B. norms are enforced

C. people are educated and trained

D. people are rewarded and punished