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原子是由原子核和电子构成的。原子核在原子中所占体积极小,其半径约为原子半径的十万分之一,因此,相对而言,原子里有很大的空间。α微粒是带两个单位正电荷的氦原子。1911年,科学家用一束平行高速运动的α微粒轰击金箔时(金原子的核电荷数为79,相对原子质量为197),发现三种实验现象:

(1)有一小部分α微粒改变了原来的运动路径,原因是α微粒途经金原子核附近时,受到斥力而稍微改变了运动方向。

(2)大多数α微粒不改变原来的运动方向,原因是______________________。

(3)极少数α微粒被弹了回来,原因是___________________。

答案

(2)原子内、原子间有空隙  

(3)α微粒撞击了金原子核而被弹回(或α微粒撞击了带正电荷、质量大、体积很小的金原子核而被弹回)

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Part of the debate about culture revolves around issues of perspective and ownership. Within a nation such (1) the United States—a nation whose cultural heritage includes elements from every corner of the world (2) are a great many perspectives coexisting and intertwining in the cultural fabriC.When we all ask (3) as individuals, "what belongs to me, to my culture " we are rewarded with a spectacular variety of (4) ; in this way, different perspectives and ownership of different cultural traditions enriches everyone. But when we ask " (5) belongs to us, to our culture " we ask a much harder question. Do the people of the (6) States, or of any culturally complex human society, necessarily share common cultural elements If so, who gets (7) decide what those elements are
This debate is a crucial one in many cultures throughout the world (8) . In the US, the debate promises to impact the way we educate our children—that is, (9) manner and shape in which culture reproduces itself—and the way we write our laws. In (10) countries, equally crucial issues are at stake.
For many people, what is at stake is the character (11) US national identity. Hirsch argues that this identity needs to become less culturally fragmented; others, like Walker, (12) that the national character gets its strength from cultural diversity, from the freedom (at home and in (13) ) to celebrate, honor, and reproduce different cultural traditions. Those who take this latter view follow the reasoning (14) Shweder, arguing that we need to accept that there are multiple valid cultural perspectives and that two (15) perspectives can both be valid even though they might contradict one another.
Recognize that the position you (16) in this debate about culture—whatever position you take—is a political one with implications (17) what we should value, what we should praise, what we should accept, what we should teach. When (18) reflect on this debate, when you contribute your own voice to the discussion, try to be (19) of the implications that follow from your position. When you listen to the voices of others, try to (20) with awareness, deciding for yourself what is at stake and how their positions relate to your own.