问题 单项选择题 A3/A4型题

一对农村夫妇抱着白喉病患儿来医院求治,因患儿呼吸困难,面部发绀,生命垂危,医师决定马上做气管切开术,但父母坚决不同意。医师反复解释劝导,患儿父母拒绝手术签字。急诊医师看到患儿病情危急,为及时抢救患儿,毅然对患儿施行了手术,患儿得救,其父母感激不尽。

该案例中,医师行为的道德价值主要体现了医德情感的()

A.感人性

B.职业性

C.理智性

D.主观性

E.原则性

答案

参考答案:C

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读文段,回答问题。

从织布机到计算机

  你知道织布机和计算机有什么相同之处吗?它们之间的血缘关系超乎你的想象。摆在写字台上的台式机,塞在口袋里的掌上电脑,挂在腰上的移动电话,乃至你家中的很多家用电器,都是1804年诞生的一台织布机的后代。

  19世纪早期,法国里昂的丝织工人们织出了图案绚丽的丝绸锦缎,然而他们使用的工具却是质量低劣、效率低下的老式手工提花机。这种机器需要有人站在上面,费力地一根一根地将丝线.提起、放下,才能织出精细复杂的丝绸,就好像演员在操纵牵线木偶。

  这种烦琐的劳动随着1804年雅卡尔提花机的发明发生了改变。这种革命性的织布机利用预先打孔的卡片来控制织物的编织式样,速度比老式手工提花机快了25倍,就好比从自行车到汽车的飞跃。雅卡尔的打孔卡片不只为丝织业带来革命,也为人类从此打开了一扇信息控制的大门。

  1836年,雅卡尔去世:两年之后,计算机科学先驱、著名的英国科学家查尔斯·巴比奇制造了一台木齿铁轮计算机,用来计算很多数学难题,并利用雅卡尔打孔卡片的原理为这台计算机编程。当时巴比奇的女友称这台木齿铁轮计算机就如同提花织布一样,在编织代数模型。革然他没有使用语言编程(一个世纪以后才正式出现),但是巴比奇毕竟提出了为计算机编程的思想,这一理念启发了20世纪的计算机科学家。后来,人们将巴比奇称为计算机的鼻祖。

  19世纪未,美国统计学家赫尔曼·霍尔瑞斯借鉴雅卡尔的打孔卡片发明了一种特殊的机器,供户口调查员处理数据。在19世纪的最后几十年里,美国的人口出现了爆炸性的增长,人口普查变得越来越难以操作,要想对一次人口普查的数据进行加工和处理,至少要花上十年的时间。这部被霍尔瑞斯称为“制表机”的机器大大提高了人口数据处理的速度。制表机的原理与雅卡尔提花机很接近,它在卡片上打出一系列的小孔,代表每一个家庭的每一位公民,不同的孔包含不同的信息。只要运用得当,制表机每小时可以处理几万张卡片。

  20世纪40年代,IBM公司开始制造计算机,计算机的时代到来了。不过那时候的计算机没有放弃类似于雅卡尔提花机上的那种打孔卡片,还在利用它编程。这种状况一直延续到20世纪80年代后期,打孔卡片最终被电子媒介——磁带和光盘所取代。

  看到这里,也许我们可以说,计算机不过是台极其高级的织布机而已。这是多么令人惊奇的事情,我们现在视为尖端科技的计算机,竟与织布机血脉相连。当你使用计算机的时候,本质上你也是在以光速做着编织工作。

1。阅读全文,完成下面的填空。

本文以为________顺序,介绍了雅卡尔发明的用________控制织物的提花机,巴比奇制造的木齿铁轮计算机,霍尔瑞斯发明的被称为________的机器,IBM公司制造的计算机。

2.人们为什么把巴比奇称为计算机的鼻祖?

_____________________________

3.为什么说计算机是“1804年诞生的一台织布机的后代”?

_____________________________

4.本文主要运用了作比较的方法,请举出两例,并加以说明。

_____________________________

5.从雅卡尔提花机的发明,到现代计算机的诞生,你从中得到哪些启示?请分条列出两点。

_____________________________

阅读理解

Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van(住房汽车)

A small car can hold(容纳)four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded(拥挤). A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel. They could all travel together.

Mr. Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and buy a van. Their children sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases(衣箱)when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents’ home , the suitcases are brought into the two seats can then carry the grandparents.

Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.

小题1:From the passage, a van is also called ____________.

A.a motor car

B.a motor home

C.a motorbike

D.a big truck小题2:Before Mr. Hagen and his wife bought a van, they__________.

A.sold their old house

B.moved to their grandparents’ house

C.built a new place for a van

D.sold their second car小题3:A motor home is usually owned by a family with__________.

A.a baby

B.much money

C.more than two children

D.interest in vans小题4:Americans usually use motor homes____________.

A.to travel with all the family members of holiday

B.to do some shopping with all the family members

C.to visit their grandparents at weekends

D.to drive their children to school every day小题5:Motor homes have become popular because___________.

A.they can take people to another city when people are free

B.they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidays

C.some people think motor homes are cheap

D.big families can put more things in motor homes