问题 多项选择题

下列情形中,可能会导致成本推进型通货膨胀的是()。

A.垄断性大公司为获取垄断利润人为提高产品价格

B.劳动力和生产要素不能根据社会对产品和服务的需求及时发生转移

C.有组织的工会迫使工资的增长率超过劳动生产率的增长率

D.资源在各部门之间的配置严重失衡

E.汇率变动引起原材料成本上升

答案

参考答案:A, C, E

解析:产品成本上升的原因:(1)在现代经济中有组织的工会对工资成本具有操纵能力。工会要求企业提高工人的工资,迫使工资的增长率超过劳动生产率的增长率,企业则会因人力成本的加大而提高产品价格以转嫁工资成本的上升,而在物价上涨后工人又会要求提高工资,再度引起物价上涨,形成工资一物价的螺旋上升,从而导致“工资成本推进型通货膨胀”。(2)垄断性大公司也具有对价格的操纵能力,是提高价格水平的重要力量。垄断性企业为了获取垄断利润会人为地提高产品价格,由此引起“利润推进型通货膨胀”。(3)汇率变动引起进出口产品和原材料成本上升,以及石油危机、资源枯竭、环境保护政策不当等造成原材料、能源生产成本的提高,都是引起成本推进型通货膨胀的原因。

阅读理解

It doesn’t matter when and how much a person sleeps , but everyone needs some rest to stay alive. That’s what all doctors thought , until they heard about Herpin. Herpin, it was said , never slept. Could this be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves.

Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey. They thought for sure that he got some sleep of some kind. So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made. But they were surprised. Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw him sleeping. In fact, he did not even own a bed. He never needed one.

The only rest that Herpin sometimes got was sitting in a comfortable chair and reading newspapers. The doctors were puzzled by this strange continuous sleeplessness. They asked him many questions, hoping to find an answer. They found only one answer that might explain his condition. Herpin remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he was born. But that was all. Was this the real reason? No one could be sure. Herpin died at the age of 94.

小题1:The main idea of this passage is that_____

A.large numbers of people do not need sleep

B.a person was found who actually didn’t need any sleep

C.everyone needs some sleep to stay alive

D.people can live longer by trying not to sleep小题2:The doctors came to visit Herpin, expecting_____

A.to cure him of his sleeplessness

B.to find that his sleeplessness was not really true

C.to find out why some old people did not need any sleep

D.to find a way to free people from the need of sleeping小题3:After watching him closely, the doctors came to believe that Herpin_____

A.needed some kind of sleep

B.was too old to need any sleep

C.needed no sleep at all

D.often sleep in a chair小题4:One reason that might explain Herpin’s sleeplessness was _____

A.his mother’s injury before he was born

B.that he had gradually got rid of the sleeping habit

C.his magnificent physical condition

D.that he hadn’t got a bed小题5:Herpin’s condition could be regarded as ______

A.a common one

B.one that could be cured

C.very healthy

D.a rare one

单项选择题