问题 简答题

阅读下列材料:

材料一  1954年,随着中国 * * 组织形式的确定和各级 * * 机关的建立,从当年底开始,用了一年多的时间,对中央和地方各级机关进行了一次较大规模的精简。但后来,依法成立的国务院开始增设机构,到1956年,机构总数达81个,形成了建国以来政府机构数量的第一次高峰。   ’

材料二  1960年到1964年,为了贯彻国民经济调整的方针,进行了建国后的第三次较大机构改革。一方面在中央和地方各级机关进行了干部精简运动,全国共精简81万人。精简下来的干部大多数充实到基层和生产第一线。另一方面中央收回五十年代后期下放给地方的权力,并恢复被撤销的机构。到1965年底,国务院的机构数达到79个,为建国后的第二次高峰。

材料三 改革开放以来,中国分别在1982年、1988年、1993年、1998年和2003年进行了五次规模较大的政府机构改革。这五次政府机构改革实践,既积累了一些宝贵的经验,如:坚持以适应社会主义市场经济体制为改革目标,把转变政府职能作为机构改革的关键;坚持精简、统一、效能的原则,把精兵简政和优化政府组织结构作为机构改革的重要任务等。又有一些教训,最大的教训在于忽视了政府的社会管理与公共服务职能。2003年以前的改革开放时期,政府既创造环境,又在直接创造财富;新的时代发展对政府提出的新要求是,“政府创造环境,人民创造财富”。

回答下列问题:

(1)依据材料一、二,结合所学知识,分析1954—1956年、1960—1964年我国进行政府机构改革的原因分别是什么?这两次改革的结果有何共同之处?

(2)依据上述材料,概述改革开放以来的政府机构改革与前两次改革的侧重点有何不同?导致这种不同的根本原因是什么? 

(3)从建国以来的政府机构改革中,你能得到哪些启示? 

答案

(1)原因: 1954—1956年:人民代表大会制度的建立;工业化建设和建立完善社会主义制度的需要。1960—1964年:严重的经济困难,调整、恢复国民经济的需要。

相同之处:改革不成功;开始机构得到精简,最终出现机构膨胀。

(2)不同:前者只是单纯精简机构和干部;后者强调转变政府职能,建立适应社会主义市场经济体制的高效型、服务型政府;

根本原因:前者的机构改革受到计划经济体制的束缚;后者的机构改革是以适应社会主义市场经济体制为目标。

(3)启示:政府机构改革必须适应经济发展、社会进步的需要;政府机构改革直接涉及到权力与利益的调整,阻力大,必须要敢于面对压力与困难,坚持改革;机构改革要从国情出发,从实际出发;机构改革要学习、借鉴其他国家的成功经验。

本题考查我国政府机构改革的发展历程,指出了成绩也指出了不足。本题运动了大量的新材料,创设了不同于教材的新情境,所以注意仔细阅读材料,并最大限度的从材料中提取有效信息并对这些信息进行分析整合来回答问题。

选择题
阅读理解

What is eBay? The simple answer is that it is a global trading platform where nearly anyone can trade practically anything. People can sell and buy all kinds of products and goods, including cars, movies and DVDs, sporting goods, travel tickets, musical instruments, clothes and shoes — the list goes on and on 

The idea came from Peter Omidyar, who was born in Paris and moved to Washington when he was still a child. At high school, he became very interested in computer programming and after graduating from Tuft University in 1988, he worked for the next few years as a computer engineer. In his free time he started Bay as a kind of hobby, at first offering the service free by word of mouth. By 1996 there was so much traffic on the website that he had to upgrade (升级) and he began charging a fee to members. Joined by a friend, Peter Skill, and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whitman, he has never looked back. Even in the great crashes of the late 1990s, ebay has gone from strength to strength. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Internet 

Ebay sells connections, not goods, putting buyer and seller into contact with each other. All you have to do is lake an e-photo, write a description, fill out a sales form and you are in business.  The world is your market place. Of course for each item, eBay gets a percentage and that is a great deal of money. Every day there are more than sixteen million items listed on eBay and eighty percent of the items are sold.

42. We learn from the text that eBay provides people with _________.

A. a way of buying and selling goods 

B. a place to show their own photos

C. a website for them to upgrade

D. a chance to buy things at low prices 

43. Why did Peter create eBay after graduating from university? 

A. For fun                                     B. To make money 

C. For gathering the engineers                            D. To fulfill a task of his company 

44. From “he has never looked back” in Paragraph 2 we learn that Peter _________.

A. did not feel lonely                             B. was always hopeful 

C. did not think about the past                             D. became more and more successful 

45. How does eBay make money from its website? 

A. By bringing sellers together.                             B. By charging for each sale 

C. By listing items online                             D. By making e-photos.