问题 材料题

阅读下列材料:

材料一:英国君主立宪制的确立,标志着一个人统治一个国家的时代在这个岛国永远结束了。

材料二:(历史上的某一天)13个英属殖民地联合签署了《独立宣言》,宣布脱离大英帝国的统治,组成美利坚合众国,这一天,被确定为美国的独立日。

材料三:1861年农奴制的改革为俄国的工业发展提供了大量的劳动力和广阔的市场,就像列夫·托尔斯泰在长篇小说《复活》的开篇所写的那样:“一切都翻了个个儿,一切却又刚刚开始。”——以上材料均摘编自《大国崛起解说词》

请回答:

(1)材料一中,标志着“英国君主立宪制的确立”的法律文件是什么?英国资产阶级革命开始于哪一年?

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(2)材料二中的“这一天,被确定为美国的独立日”是指哪一天?简述美国独立战争的历史意义。

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(3)根据材料三并结合所学知识指出:这次农奴制改革是由哪位沙皇实行的?为什么说这次农奴制改革使“一切都翻了个个儿,一切却又刚刚开始。”?

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(4)英国、美国、俄国分别通过何种方式确立起资本主义制度?

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答案

(1)《权利法案》;1640年。

(2)1776年7月4日(或7月4日);美国独立战争结束了英国的殖民统治,实现了国家的独立,确立了比较民主的资产阶级政治体制,有利于美国资本主义的发展,对以后欧洲和拉丁美洲的革命也起了推动作用。

(3)亚历山大二世;因为这次改革废除了农奴制,农奴在法律上是“自由人”,地主再也不许买卖农奴和干涉他们的生活,农奴在获得“解放”时,可以得到一块份地;这次改革使俄国走上了发展资本主义的道路,是俄国近代史上的重大转折点。(言之有理即可)

(4)英国:资产阶级革命;美国:独立战争;俄国:资产阶级改革。

阅读理解

阅读短文,根据其内容回答问题。

    Many people have jobs. They go to work nearly every day. Some people are lucky. Either they have

very interesting jobs or they make a lot of money Most people are not so lucky. Either their jobs are not

very interesting or they don't make much money. 

    The most interesting jobs are often the most difficult. People take a long time to learn how to do them.

Doctors study for at least six years after finishing school. 

     Some young people have interesting and high-pay jobs. Many young players do their work successfully.

Football and tennis stars are usually under 35 years old. Older people usually can not play these sports very

well. They cannot move fast enough. Golf, however, is a good sport for older people. Many golf players

are quite old, but they can play it successfully.

     Most people work until they are 60 or 65 years old. Then they retire (退休) and have a lot of free time.

Some people never retire though. These people usually have very interesting jobs Writers, artists, scientists

and actors (演员) usually work until they die. Their work is their life.

1.Do most people have interesting and high-pay jobs?

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2.Why do some jobs have to be taken a long time to learn?

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3.What sports are young people good at?

     ______________________________________________________________________________

4.Why is golf a good sport for older people?

     ______________________________________________________________________________

5.When do some people who have interesting jobs retire?

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