问题 填空题

(1)已知化合物B3N3H6(硼氮烷)与C6H6(苯)的分子结构相似,如下所示,则硼氮烷的二氯取代物B3N3H4Cl2的同分异构体数目为______________。

A.2

B.3

C.4

D.6(2)某烃A,相对分子质量为140,其中碳的质量分数为0.857。A分子中有两个碳原子不与氢直接相连。A在一定条件下氧化只生成G,G能使紫色石蕊溶液变红,已知:

①化合物A和G的结构简式A:___________、G:___________。

②与G同类的同分异构体(含G)有___________种。

(3)某高聚物的结构如下:

合成该高聚物分子的结构简式为: ______________________、______________________。

答案

(1)C

②4

(3)CH2==C(CH3)—CH==CH2  CH2==CH2

以上两题中都有判断有机物同分异构体数目的问题。确定同分异构体数目一般不必一一写出,关键在于有序思维。

第(1)小题硼氮苯分子与苯分子结构相同点是:都含正六边形的环;不同点是:苯环上的原子是6个C,硼氮苯环上的原子是B、N相间。解题时应将苯分子有两个取代基的位置关系迁移到本题上,然后找出不同点。根据所给硼氮苯分子结构式,两个氮原子在邻位时,总是硼、氮各一个氢被氯取代,只有一种取代物;两个氯原子在间位时则有两种情况——两个B上的H被取代或者两个N上的H被取代;两个氯在对位时则只有一种情况——B、N上各一个H被取代。C选项符合题意。

第(2)小题先求分子式,为C10H20,它的不饱和度为1(一个双键或者一个环),根据题中情景,A必然为含C==C双键的烯烃。根据题中给出的反应原理可知,一分子A生成了两分子G,G为羧酸(使石蕊试液变红),那么A分子应是对称的。确定A分子的结构式步骤为:

①C==C双键在中间且这两个C上各连一个H(氧化为—COOH)。

②两侧各有一个C上不连H,即含有结构。

由此可知A、G的结构简式分别为:

第(2)小题第②小问:与G同类的物质是羧酸,分子中含有一个—COOH,另一个则为—C4H9,—C4H9有四种结构,因此有四种同分异构体。

第(3)小题据高聚物的结构可推知合成其所用的分子为CH2==C(CH3) —CH==CH2、CH2==CH2

单项选择题
阅读理解

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C.will be asked to only pay the first month fee

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