问题 问答题 简答题

闭合性颅脑损伤治疗原则

答案

参考答案:

1.病情观察包括意识观察、瞳孔变化的观察、神经系统体征和生命体征等的观察。

2.对症处理

(1)对高热、昏迷、消化道应激性溃疡,水、电解质紊乱等病症的护理和对症治疗,

预防并发症;昏迷患者要保持呼吸道通畅,必要时做气管切开,预防肺部感染。

(2)减轻脑水肿的治疗,包括脱水治疗、激素治疗、.过度换气治疗等。

(3)手术治疗主要针对颅脑血肿或重度脑挫裂伤合并脑水肿引起的颅内压增高和脑疝,其次为颅内血肿引起的局灶性脑损害。

手术指征为:①伤后出现进行性颅内压增高,如意识进行性恶化等;②虽经妥善的保守治疗后病情仍旧恶化,甚至出现脑疝者;③颅内压大于2.7kPa(270mmHO);④CT上血肿出现明显的占位效应,血肿体积幕上大于40ml,幕下大于10ml,或中线结构移位大于10mm。

常用的手术方式有:①开颅血肿清除术;②去骨瓣减压术;③钻孔探查术;④脑室引流术;⑤钻孔引流术。

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     I have recently moved across the country to the West Coast.I started feeling a little __1__ and missing my friends and family.
     I'm an extrovert(外向型人)and I love to __2__,that's why I enjoy going to school so much- it gives
me the __3__ to meet new and different people.I love talking with and __4__ people from __5__ ways
of life,religions and age groups.The elderly and __6__ are the most interesting to me.The elderly can tell
me all about everything __7__ children look at everything with __8__ full of wonder.
     Recently,while riding a bus I struck up a(n)__9__ with an elderly woman who had been born and
__10__ in the Pacific North West.She had so many stories about the area and how it had once been.I
__11__ had a wonderful time talking to her.A few days later,I got __12__ the bus and there she was
again.She smiled when she saw me and patted the __13__ next to her.I sat with her and we picked up
the conversation where we had __14__.Over the next few days whenever I got on the bus she was
__15__ there and we would talk.
     I have returned to work and have been __16__ an earlier bus and haven't seen __17__ of my"new
old friend".Then I __18__ her at the transit(运输)station and she cheered up.This really __19__ my
heart.
      Finally my"new old friend"asked me if she may have my number so that we could __20__ when she
didn't have the pleasure to see me on the bus.
( )1.A.lonely      
( )2.A.work     
( )3.A.discovery  
( )4.A.knowing of  
( )5.A.mysterious  
( )6.A.children    
( )7.A.when    
( )8.A.actions  
( )9.A.agreement  
( )10.A.risen    
( )11.A.freely    
( )12.A.on      
( )13.A.room      
( )14.A.left out  
( )15.A.seldom    
( )16.A.getting    
( )17.A.much      
( )18.A.went with  
( )19.A.moved      
( )20.A.shout      
B.friendly      
B.talk          
B.explanation  
B.listening to  
B.familiar      
B.men          
B.after        
B.opinions      
B.   determination  
B.lifted        
B.patiently    
B.in            
B.space        
B.left off      
B.never        
B.making        
B.lots          
B.ran into      
B.drove        
B.cheer        
C.fresh        
C.travel        
C.organization  
C.learning about
C.similar      
C.women        
C.while        
C.eyes       
C.conclusion    
C.raised      
C.eagerly      
C.off        
C.bus          
C.left on      
C.always        
C.putting      
C.little        
C.talked with  
C.touched      
C.catch        
D.happy        
D.walk          
D.opportunity  
D.hearing from  
D.different    
D.adults        
D.before        
D.hearts        
D.conversation  
D.depended      
D.truly        
D.by            
D.seat          
D.left behind  
D.yet          
D.taking        
D.many          
D.got into      
D.hurt          
D.chat          
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