问题 问答题 案例分析题

患者男性,68岁,因患慢性乙型肝炎18年,肝硬化6年住院治疗。因进食鲫鱼后出现上消化道大出血,现正在抢救中,现请你施行三腔二囊管止血(在医学模拟人上操作)。

答案

参考答案:

评分要点(1)准备(4分)备好消毒包和已消毒的三腔二囊管、50ml注射器、液状石蜡、0.5kg的沙袋、血压计、绷带、宽胶布等,检查三腔二囊管,气囊有无松脱、漏气,标记是否清晰。(2)操作步骤(16分)①抽净双囊内气体,前端及气囊表面涂以液状石蜡。将管从鼻腔插入,达咽部时嘱病人做吞咽动作,边吞边插至65cm标志处,从胃腔通道口如能抽出胃内容物。(4分)②抽净胃内积血及分泌物,然后用注射器先向胃囊注入250~300ml空气,夹住胃气囊管外口,再将三腔管向外拉至有中等阻力感,牵引方向应顺身体纵轴,自头至足保持正中位的直线牵引,但应使三腔管与鼻、唇部成45°,以防鼻黏膜和唇糜烂坏死。并用0.5kg沙袋通过滑车持续牵引三腔管,以达到充分压迫作用。(4分)③经观察如仍未能压迫止血者,再向食管囊内注气100~200ml,然后钳住此管外口,以压迫食管下段曲张静脉。(4分)④每2~3h检查气囊内压各一次,如压力不足应及时补充。每8~12h食管囊放气并放松牵引一次,同时将三腔管稍向胃内推进,使胃气囊与胃底黏膜分开,同时口服液状石蜡15~20ml,以防局部黏膜坏死。30min后再使气囊充气。(2分)⑤出血停止24h后,取下牵引沙袋,并将食管和胃气囊放气,继续留置胃内24h,如未再出血,抽净气囊内气体,口服液状石蜡后缓慢将三腔管拔出。一般三腔管放置时间不超过72h。(2分)

完形填空
13-year-old Frank had received many presents he wanted. But Frank was not __36__ because this was his first Christmas without his brother. Frank said to his parents that he would __37__ to see a friend. __38__ it was cold outside, Frank put on his new jacket and took presents on his new sled(雪橇).
As Frank walked, he saw a house with the __39__ hanging over a fireplace. A woman was seated near them __40__. The stockings reminded Frank of the ones beside him and his brother. A sudden thought __41__ Frank.
So he knocked on the door. “__42__?” the sad voice of the woman answered. “May I come in?” “Please” she said, seeing his __43__ full of gifts, and thinking he was making a collection, “but I have no food or gifts for you. I even have __44__ for my own children.”
“That’s not why I am here,” Frank replied. “Please __45__ any present you like for your children from this sled.”
“Why, God bless you!” the __46__ woman answered. She chose until the stockings were full. “Won’t you tell me your __47__?” she asked. “Just call me the Christmas Scout,” Frank replied.
The visit __48__ the boy touched, with an unexpected __49__ in his heart. He understood that his sorrow(悲伤) was not the only sorrow. He __50__ all the gifts, including the new jacket.
“Where are your presents, Frank?” asked his father as he __51__ the house. “ I handed them out to other children.”
“Frank, how could you do so?” his mother asked in anger. The next morning, he came downstairs and __52__ his parents listening to Christmas news on the radio. Then the announcer spoke: “Merry Christmas! Several families __53__ their children were made happy by the gifts from a boy. No one could __54__ him.” Frank felt his father’s arms go around his shoulders, and he saw his mother smiling __55__ her tears.
小题1:
A.lovelyB.astonishedC.lonelyD.happy
小题2:
A.leaveB.turnC.growD.become
小题3:
A.WhenB.SinceC.WhereD.Though
小题4:
A.presentB.lightC.stockingsD.tree
小题5:
A.sleepingB.cryingC.smilingD.laughing
小题6:
A.appearedB.worriedC.occurredD.struck
小题7:
A.WhyB.WhatC.YesD.When
小题8:
A.stockingB.pocketC.sledD.bag
小题9:
A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.everything
小题10:
A.buyB.borrowC.bringD.choose
小题11:
A.amazedB.encouragedC.tiredD.bored
小题12:
A.addressB.nameC.numberD.school
小题13:
A.startedB.leftC.feltD.performed
小题14:
A.joyB.surpriseC.sorrowD.disappointment
小题15:
A.took awayB.gave upC.gave awayD.picked up
小题16:
A.visitedB.cameC.passedD.entered
小题17:
A.madeB.sawC.lookedD.suggested
小题18:
A.believedB.complainedC.reportedD.forecast
小题19:
A.respectB.thinkC.realizeD.recognize
小题20:
A.byB.besidesC.withoutD.through
单项选择题