问题 单项选择题

根据研究目的,召集一小组同类人员在主持人用事先准备的讨论提纲引导下进行开放式讨论是()

A.深入访谈

B.专题小组讨论

C.选题小组讨论

D.参与性观察

E.案例调查

答案

参考答案:B

完形填空

第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1-15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Dad loved children. And he always wanted a ____1______ family. Eventually, he got what he wanted with twelve children in the family. Without fail, he would show us off to visitors.

Once, Dad _____2_____ presented the first three children in the family, Ann, Mary and Ernestine, to some visitors. Then he picked up a fourth child, and said, "And this is our _____3_____ model, complete with all the improvements. And don't think that this is all; we are _____4_____ the 1953 model some time next month."

But what he _____5_____ most was taking us o t or a drive. On one occasion a man in a village we were passing through shouted _____6_____ that he had seen eleven people in our car, not _____7_____ Mum and Dad. _____8_____, called out over his shoulder, "You _____9_____ the second baby up from the front here, Mister."

Another time, Dad told us this joke, though we were not sure then whether he was telling us the ____10_____. Mum, who was a psychologist (心理学家), once went to give a lecture and left Dad in charge of the _____11_____. When Mum returned, she asked him if everything had been OK. He said everything was fine _____12_____ one of the children had been taught a lesson because he had been _____13_____. When he pointed at the child that had been _____14_____, Mum looked at him calmly and said, "That's not one of ours, dear. He _____15_____ next door."

1. A. rich                     B. lovely              C. close                D. large

2. A. surprisingly          B. nervously         C. kindly              D. proudly

3. A. dearest                 B. smallest            C. latest                D. youngest

4. A. ordering              B. selling              C. expecting          D. improving

5. A. hated                   B. enjoyed            C. cared                D. hoped

6. A. crazily                 B. excitedly          C. curiously          D. directly

7. A. counting              B. naming             C. showing           D. reaching

8. A. Immediately         B. Carefully          C. Angrily            D. Easily

9. A. saw                     B. missed              C. forgot              D. left

10. A. truth                  B. story                C. adventure         D. accident

11. A. lecture                      B. house               C. office                      D. activity

12. A. even if                      B. apart from               C. so that              D. except that

3. A. troublesome         B. careless            C. active             D. quiet

14. A. found                B. caught            C. punished           D. wounded

15. A. goes to               B. belongs to         C. works               D. plays

单项选择题

阅读下面的文字,完成下列各题。

建设面向21世纪的国家技术创新体系(节选)

1912年,美籍奥地利经济学家熊彼特提出,经济发展的实质是在市场中不断引入以技术为基础的创新。然而他的理论很快便被遗忘了。熊彼特的思想只是在二次世界大战之后才为学者、企业家和政府官员所广泛认同。究其原因,是科技对经济和企业发展的作用近半个世纪以来越来越明显。技术创新在西方国家已视为经济增长的发动机,甚至成了新的工业宗教。

今天,学者们大都赞同这样的定义:技术创新是一个从新思想的产生到产品设计、试制、生产、营销和市场化的过程,也是知识的创造、流通和应用的过程。人们对这个过程的理解经历了几个阶段。五六十年代,人们把技术创新理解为一个由科技推动的线性过程,创新始于科学研究,经新产品开发、生产,终于营销,即人们常说的线性模型。后来人们认识到,科技在创新中的作用是多方位、多层次的,在产品开发、设计、试制、营销等创新过程的各个阶段,都需要与科技进行对话。这一过程更适宜用链环回路模型来表述。在这一模型中,科技不再是创新的初始点,而是创新主链各节点上都需要的东西。最新一代的创新模式是系统集成和网络模型。这一模型要求企业在各种活动上都有所创新,企业要与客户、供应商、信息源、研究机构建立更密切的战略联盟。

技术创新作为一个新的经济发展战略,强调了以下三个重要方面:首先,技术创新强调了市场。技术创新是一个始于市场、终于市场的活动。其次,技术创新强调开发有独创性新产品、新技术,强调要有自己的知识产权。科研成果的产生只能被视为创新的初始阶段。第三,技术创新强调了系统性。技术创新不只是企业的事,还需要大学、科研机构、金融部门、政府机构等方面的密切协调。

长期以来,国内企业以生产为经营管理的核心,总是追求产品数量的增加和企业规模的扩展,而产品却可以几十年一贯制。这种在低技术层次上的生产能力的上升并不是一件好事。一旦这种生产的扩大超过了,打场的需要,产品过剩、积压便难以避免,经济发展便会陷入网境。我国现有的钢铁、纺织等行业的产量都是世界第一,但同时,我们又进口大量的钢材、面料。许多企业濒临破产并不是生产能力不行,而是没有创新。

人们对“技术创新”的理解大致经历了三个阶段,下列对三阶段中的“技术创新”的理解概括正确的一项是()。

A.线性模型——链环回路模型——系统集成和网络模型

B.创新始于科学研究——科技在创新中的作用是多方位、多层次的——企业要与各方建立密切的战略联盟

C.科技是创新的初始点——创新主链各节点上都需要科技——企业在各项活动中都要创新

D.由科技推动的线性过程——产品创新的各个阶段都需要科技——成为新的经济发展战略